Comp Gov. Unit 1: Political Systems, Regimes, and Governments Terms pt. 4

Military regimes

when military leaders hold top positions of governing authority.

Democratization

is the process through which a country moves from an authoritarian or non-democratic system of government to a democratic one. It involves establishing fair elections, protecting human rights, promoting political participation, and building institutions that ensure accountability and the rule of law.

Democratic consolidation

is the process by which a democratic regime matures in terms of election rules, separation of powers, and protection of civil liberties, making it unlikely to revert to authoritarianism without an external shock

Power

ability of the state to influence the conduct of individuals and organizations within the state

Authority

state’s legitimate right to enforce a power

Sources of power and authority

include constitutions, religions, military forces, political parties, legislatures, and popular support

Federal states

are countries where power is divided between a central (national) government and smaller regional governments, such as states or provinces.

Unitary states

are countries where most or all political power is held by the central (national) government, more uniform policies and potentially more efficient policy making

Devolution

is the process in which a central government transfers power or responsibilities to local or regional governments, that can enhance or weaken legitimacy

Legitimacy

is the general acceptance and recognition that a government, ruler, or law has the right to govern. It means people believe the authority is justified, appropriate, and should be obeyed.

Sources of legitimacy

can include popular elections, constitutional provisions, nationalism, tradition, governmental effectiveness, economic growth, ideology, religious heritage and organizations, and the dominant political party’s endorsement

Political stability

the ability of a government to consistently provide services that meet the basic needs of most of the population to foster the public’s confidence in the institutions of the state

Coercion

is the use of force, threats, or intimidation to make people obey rules or follow authority, rather than persuading them willingly.