IV Therapy Exam

Hypotonic Solution Caution

Do not give with:

Increased ICP

Burns

Trauma

Shock

Hypotonic - Used for

Helping kidneys excrete fluids

Hypernatremia (increased levels of sodium)

Hypotonic Examples

0.45% sodium chloride (normal saline)

0.33% NS

0.225% NS

5% dextrose in water (D5W)

What is the only fluid compatible with blood/blood products?

0.9% sodium chloride (normal saline)

Isotonic Examples

0.9% normal saline

5% dextrose in water (D5W)

Lactated ringers

Isotonic - Used for

Blood loss (hemorrhage, burns, surgery)

Dehydration (vomiting, diarrhea)

Fluid maintenance

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) - in DKA, there is so much glucose in the cells that they NEED water

Isotonic Cautions

Caution in clients at risk for fluid volume excess (CHF)

Can cause fluid overload if cardiac or renal disease

Hypertonic Uses

Cerebral edema (non-dextrose sol.)

Hyponatremia

Metabolic alkalosis

Maintenance fluid

Hypovolemia

Hypertonic Caution

Monitor for:

-Fluid volume overload

-Circulatory overload

-Cell dehydration

Hypertonic examples

5% sodium chloride (normal saline)

3% NS

5% dextrose in 0.9% NS (D5NS)

5% dextrose in 0.45% NS (D5 ½ NS)

5% dextrose in LR (D5LR)

10% dextrose in water (D10W)

Do you need an order for fluids?

Yes

Do you need an order to resite an IV?

No (you have the original order for the IV fluids, no need for an order to resite)

24g needle

neonates

peds

geriatric

small veins

22g needle

small veins

20g needle

minor surgery

blood transfusions

18g needle

surgery

trauma

emergency

labor & delivery

blood transfusions

16g needle

high flow rates, large veins only

14g needle

high flow rates, large veins only

Be nice, stick twice

Be nice, stick twice

First step in IV therapy

Select the needed supplies and catheter size