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Systemic Circulation (Peripheral Circulation)
Serves all tissues except for the lungs
Systemic Circulation contains ________ of blood volume
84%
Pulmonary Circulation
Serves the lungs
The lungs contain ________ of blood volume
9%
The heart contains ______ of blood volume
7%
Arteries
Transport blood under high pressures away from the heart to tissues
-Strong vascular walls
-High velocity
Arterioles
Last small branches of the arterial system
-Resistance vessels of circulation
Capillaries
Location where fluids, nutrients, electrolytes, hormones, and other substances diffuse and are transported between blood and interstitial fluid
Venules
Collect blood from capillaries and form progressively larger veins
Veins
Function as conduits for transport back to the heart
-Reservoir of blood
Aorta
Main vessel to distribute blood to the arterial system
-Dampens the pulsatile pressure that results from outflow from the left ventricle
Large arteries that branch from the aorta distribute...
Blood to specific organs
The large arteries serve virtually...
No role in the regulation of pressure and blood flow
When the blood from large arteries reaches organs...
Smaller arteries branch and distribute blood within the organ
Small arteries and arterioles are what represent the...
Primary vessels that are involved in the regulation of arterial blood pressure as well as blood flow within the organ
The primary vessels are highly innervated by...
Autonomic nerves
Capillaries are the primary...
Exchange vessels within the body
Systemic Arterial Pressures
Systolic = 120 mm Hg
Diastolic = 80 mm Hg
Mean = 100 mm Hg
Pulmonary Arterial Pressure
Systolic = 25 mm Hg
Diastolic = 8 mm Hg
Mean = 16 mm Hg
Atrial Pressures during Systole
Right atria ~ 2 - 6 mmHg
Left atria ~ 4 - 10 mmHg
The flow through a vessel can be calculated using...
Ohm's Law
Ohm's Law
Flow (Q) = Pressure Difference (Delta P)/Resistance (R)
Blood Flow
Quantity of blood that passes a given point in the circulation in a given period of time.
Unit of blood flow
Liters or mL per minute
Laminar Flow
Silent, smooth flow in streamlines with each layer of blood remaining the same
Turbulent Blood Flow:
-high velocities
-sharp turns in the circulation
-rapid narrowing of blood vessels
-movement in opposite directions
-Causes murmurs
Blood Pressure
Force exerted by the blood against any unit area of the vessel wall.
Units for Blood Pressure
mmHg or cm H2O
A decrease in Resistance would cause...
An increase in blood flow and vice versa
Small changes in the diameter of a vessel can cause...
Dramatic changes in blood flow through a tissue
What does Poiseuille's Law state?
-increasing the viscosity of a solution and increasing the length of the tube will decrease blood flow.
-increasing the pressure gradient and increasing the radius of the tube will increase flow.
When we talk about viscosity of blood, we mean the...
Hematocrit or PCV
An increase in hematocrit will...
Increase viscosity, which decreases blood flow
Total Peripheral Vascular Resistance
Sum of resistances of arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins