Health Midterm Exam 2023

Ethanol

the type of alcohol in alcoholic beverages; a depressant that slows down the central nervous system.

fermentation

The chemical action of yeast on sugars, creates acohol

depressant

A drug that slows brain and body reactions

intoxication

the state in which the body is poisoned by alcohol or another substance and the person's physical and mental control is significantly reduced

binge drinking

drinking five or more alcoholic drinks at one sitting

alcohol poisoning

a severe and potentially fatal physical reaction to an alcohol overdose

defibrillation

the use of electrical shock to restore the heart's normal rhythm

concussion

a traumatic brain injury that alters the way the brain functions

seizure

a temporary and involuntary change in body movement, function, sensation, awareness, or behavior that results from abnormal electrical activity in the brain.

diabetes

a chronic condition characterized by the body's inability to produce glucose (sugar) in the bloodstream

heat exhaustion

a condition that occurs when fluids lost through sweating are not replaced

tourniquet

a device placed around an arm or leg to constrict blood vessels and stop blood flow to a wound

asthma

a chronic illness in which certain substances or conditions(triggers) cause inflammation and narrowing of the airways, making breathing difficult; encourage the person to use quick-relief medication (an inhaler) and call 911 if conditions do not improve.

shock

a progressive, life-threatening condition in which the circulatory system fails to deliver enough oxygen-rich blood to the body's tissues and organs, causing organs and body systems to begin to fail. Some causes: burns, heavy bleeding, anaphylaxis

In a diabetic emergency, one should give about _____ grams of sugar to the person experiencing the emergency if and only if the person is responsive and able to ______.

15-20 grams; swallow

If you believe someone may have suffered a head, neck, or spinal injury, have the person remain in the ____ same position until EMS arrives.

same

If someone is showing signs and symptoms of a heart attack, you should first _________.

call 911

RICE stands for:

Rest, Immobilize, Cold, Elevate

If caring for a person with a muscle, bone, or joint injury, apply ____ if the person can tolerate it and watch for signs/symptoms of shock until EMS arrives.

ice

hyperglycemia

high blood sugar

hypoglycemia

low blood sugar

If you are not sure if a person in a diabetic emergency is suffering from hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia, give _________, because it can't do any harm.

15-20 grams of sugar

If someone is having a seizure, first _________, then remove any nearby ________, and do ____ hold or restrain them. Do not place anything in the ________.

Call 911; objects; not; mouth

(cold) ______________ is not life-threatening, but ____________ is.

frostbite; hypothermia

(heat) ______ and ___________ are not life threatening, but _______ is.

heat cramps and heat exhaustion; heat stroke

an AED gets placed:

on THEIR upper right and lower left chest

AED pads should NEVER:

touch each other

you can use _________ AED pads on adults AND children, but you can only use ________ AED pads on children less than 55 lbs.

adult; child

When applying direct pressure, if the gauze pad is soaked through, you can replace it, but NEVER replace the ________ pad.

bottom

When using a tourniquet, always place it imbetween the _______ and _________.

heart and wound

If you think someone is having a stroke, note the _______ that the symptoms began

time

alcoholism

A disease in which a person has a physical or psychological dependence on drinks that contain alcohol

psychological dependence

a condition in which a person believes that a drug is needed in order to feel good or to function normally

physiological dependence

a condition in which the user has a chemical need for a drug

alcohol abuse

the excessive use of alcohol

Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC)

the amount of alcohol in a person's blood, expressed as a percentage

alcoholic

an addict who is dependent on alcohol

recovery

the process of learning to live an alcohol-free life

sobreity

commiting to live without alcohol

health

The combination of physical, mental/emotional, and social well-being

spiritual health

a deep-seated sense of meaning and purpose in life

wellness

an overall state of well-being or total health

chronic disease

an ongoing condition or illness

heredity

Passing of traits from parents to offspring

environment

the surroundings or conditions in which a person, animal, or plant lives or operates.

peers

people of the same age who share similar interests

culture

Beliefs, customs, and traditions of a specific group of people.

media

various methods for communicating information

risk behaviors

actions or choices that may harm you or others

infection

Contamination or invasion of body tissue by pathogenic organisms

cumulative risks

related risks that increase in effect with each added risk

prevention

taking steps to keep something from happening or getting worse

abstinence

act of refraining from

lifestyle factors

the personal habits or behaviors related to the way a person lives

health skills

specific tools and strategies to maintain, protect, and improve all aspects of your health

interpersonal communication

the exchange of thoughts, feelings, and beliefs between two or more people

refusal skills

ways to say no effectively

conflict resolution

the process of ending a conflict through cooperation and problem solving

stress

the reaction of the body and mind to everyday challenges and demands

stress management skills

skills that help an individual handle stress in a healthful, effective way

advocacy

taking action to influence others to address a health-related concern or to support a health-related belief

values

the ideas, beliefs, and attitudes about what is important that help guide the way you live

decision-making skills

steps that enable you to make a healthful decision

goals

things you want to accomplish

short-term goal

a goal that you can reach in a short period of time

long-term goal

a goal that you plan to reach over an extended period of time

action plan

a multistep strategy to identify and achieve your goals

HELP strategy

Healthful, Ethical, Legal, Parent Approval

nutrition

the process of providing or obtaining the food necessary for health and growth.

nutrients

Substances in food that your body needs to grow, to repair itself, and to supply you with energy

calorie

unit of energy

osteoporosis

A condition in which the body's bones become weak and break easily.

hunger

the natural physical drive to eat, prompted by the body's need for food

appetite

a desire, rather than a need, to eat

carbohydrates

the starches and sugars present in foods

fiber

A tough complex carbohydrate that the body cannot digest

proteins

Nutrients the body uses to build and maintain its cells and tissues

cholesterol

a fatty substance that travels through the blood and is found in all parts of the body

vitamins

Compounds found in food that help regulate many body processes

minerals

Elements found in food that are used by the body

Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA)

a set of recommendations about smart eating and physical activity for all Americans

MyPlate

an interactive guide to healthful eating and active living

nutrient-dense

a high ratio of nutrients to calories

food desert

An area in a developed country where healthy food is difficult to obtain

food additive

a substance added to food products that causes desired changes in the products

foodborne illness

food poisoning

pasteurization

treating a substance with heat to kill or slow the growth of pathogens

cross-contamination

the spreading of pathogens from one food to another

food allergy

a condition in which the body's immune system reacts to substances in some foods

food intolerance

a negative reaction to food that doesn't involve the immune system

vegetarian

a person who does not eat meat

metabolism

the combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials

Body Mass Index (BMI)

a measure of body weight relative to height

overweight

heavier than the standard weight range for your height

underweight

below the standard weight range for your height

obese

having an excess of body fat

osteoarthiritis

degenerative joint disease

body image

the way you see your body

fad diet

a diet that requires a major change in eating habits and promises quick weight loss

weight cycling

a repeated pattern of losing and regaining body weight