Lecture Notes on Solid Types

Flashcards for reviewing the different types of solids discussed in the lecture, focusing on their composition, bonding, and properties.

Ionic Solids

Solids whose composite units are formula units, the smallest electrically neutral collection of cations and anions.

Ionic Solids

Table salt (NaCl) and calcium fluoride (CaF2)

Ionic Solids

Electrostatic attractions between cations and anions.

Ionic Solids

They tend to have much higher melting points than molecular solids because ionic bonds are strong.

Atomic Solids

Solids whose composite units are individual atoms.

Atomic Solids

Diamond (C), iron (Fe), and solid xenon (Xe).

Atomic Solids

Covalent, Nonbonding, and Metallic.

Nonbonding Atomic Solids

Held together by relatively weak dispersion forces.

Nonbonding Atomic Solids

Have very low melting points (e.g., Xenon melts at -112°C).

Metallic Atomic Solids

Have variable melting points.

Metallic Atomic Solids

Held together by metallic bonds, consisting of positively charged ions in a sea of electrons.

Covalent Atomic Solids

Held together by covalent bonds.

Covalent Atomic Solids

Very high melting points

Molecular Solids

Solids whose composite units are molecules

Molecular Solids

Ice and dry ice

Molecular Solids

Held together by intermolecular forces

Molecular Solids

Tend to have low or moderately low melting points

Ionic and Molecular Solids

Metal + Nonmetal

Nonbonding Atomic Solid

Held together by dispersion forces