Historical Perspectives - Chapter 3 Review
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9 Terms
Thomas Willis Contributions
o     1. Identified Grey + White Matter of the Brain
o     2. Identified Blood flow of the brain
o     3. Published the accurate drawings of the brain
Franz Joseph Gall Biography
Prussian GERMAN SCHOLAR from wealthy noble family, studied medicine
Gall Contributions
o     1. Developed Theory of Phrenology = belief that different parts of the brain were responsible for different functions
o     2. Brain Regions + functions -> indicated the area that controls language
o     3. Discovered neurons
Pierre Flourens Biography
·      FRENCH SCHOLAR, child protégé, earned his medical degree early, stepped away to politics then returned
Flourens Contributions
o     1. Brain Ablation Experiments = removed parts of the brains of animals to see how they functioned
o     2. DISPROVED PHRENOLOGY THROUGH ABLATION
o     3. Cerebellum Function = found out it was responsible for discrete movement
o     4. Comparative research = illustrated the value of comparing animals to humans
MOST IMPORTANT CONTRIBUTER
Pierre Paul Broca Biography
·      -> FRENCH SCHOLAR, son of surgeon and was a doctor himself
Broca’s Contributions
o     1. Broca’s Area (Speech Production)
o     2. Discovered that the brain is not a unified cortex and has specific regions
o     3. Aphasia = language disorder that affects comprehension; motor aphasia -> they couldn’t create speech
BROCAS APHASIA = CNA UNDERSTAND BUT CANNOT SPEAK; CHOPPY WORDS
o     4. Tan (Broca’s Patient) – could only say “tan-tan”; did an autopsy and confirmed the area that was damaged was responsible for language and verbal memory
Carl Wernicke Biography
Prussian GERMAN SCHOLAR, studied medicine but no degree
Wernicke Contributions
o     1. Theory of localization = different regions of the brain control different behaviors; regions interact through nerve fibers
o     2. Conduction Aphasia = CANNOT REPEAT PHRASES
o     3. Wernicke’s Aphasia (Word Salad) = patient has a difficult time understanding what you’re saying but responds with nonsense; words have no meaning; FLUENT SPEECH