U1 Histology Practice

Simple Squamous Cells

A single layer of flat, hexagonal cells.

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Several layers of cells, cuboidal in the basal layer and flattened toward the surface.

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

Single layer of cube shaped cells, some having microvilli or cilia

Simple squamous cells function and location

Protect against friction. Found in blood vessels and heart.

Stratified squamous epithelium location and function

protects against abrasion. Keratinized found in skin, nonkeratinized found in mouth

Simple cuboidal function and location

Secretion and absorption of cells of the kidney tubules and glands, kidney tubules and surfaces of ovaries

Transitional Epithelium

Stratified cells that appear cuboidal when the organ is not stretched but squamous when it is

Transitional epithelium location and function

Accommodates for fluctuations of fluid in an organ, found in lining of urinary bladder

Simple columnar epithelium

Single layer of tall narrow cells, some have microvilli or cilia

Simple columnar epithelium location and function

glands, bronchioles of the lungs, auditory tubes. Allow for movement of particles.

Pseudostratified columnar

Single layer of cells with nuclei at different levels, reach the free surface

Pseudostratified columnar function and location

Synthesize and secrete mucus onto free surface, found in lining of nasal cavity

Areolar connective tissue

Network of fibers with spaces between them

Areolar CT function and location

Loose packing and support, found between glands, muscles, and nerves. Attaches skin to underlying tissues.

Adipose CT

Yellow or brown, little extracellular matrix surrounding cells, so full of lipid that nucleus is in periphery.

Adipose CT function and location

thermal insulator and energy storage, found around kidneys and mammary glands.

Reticular CT

Fine network of reticular fibers irregularly arranged

Reticular CT function and location

Superstructure for lymphatic tissue, within lymph nodes and bone marrow

Dense Regular CT

Matrix of collagen fibers all run in the same direction as tendons and ligaments

Dense regular CT function and location

Withstand great pulling in one direction, tendons and ligaments, outer layer of blood vessels

Dense Irregular CT

Matrix composed of fibers that run in all different directions

Dense Irregular CT function and location

Can withstand stretching in all directions, dermis of skin and covering of body tubes.

Hyaline Cartilage

Collagen fibers are small and evenly dispersed in matrix

Hyaline cartilage function and location

Allows growth of long bones, flexibility, and rigidity. Found in trachea, bronchi, ribs, and nose.

Elastic cartilage

Elastic cartilage fibers dispersed across matrix

Elastic cartilage structure and function

Returns to shape, allows for flexibility. External ears.

Fibrocartilage

Similar to hyaline cartilage, more numerous fibers arranged in thick bundles

Fibrocartilage location and function

Capable of withstanding pressure, found in intevertebral disks

Bone

hard connective tissues composed of osteocytes and mineralized matrix

Spongy Bone

looks like fibrous cartilage

Spongy bone location and function

Acts as scaffolding to provide strength and support, ends of long bones

Compact bone

Hard, many osteocytes, small passageways

Compact bone location and function

Great strength and support, forms outer shells on bones

Blood

White and red blood cells, platelets, fluid matrix

Blood function and location

Transports oxygen, nutrients, and waste. Found within blood vessels.

Multipolar Neuron

Consists of dendrites, a cell body, axon, glia, and is surrounded by neurons.

Multipolar neuron location and function

Transmits information via action potentials, stores information. Found in brain, spinal cord, and ganglia.