anglo-dutch rivalry

impact on econ

• ⭡ banking + insurance business (more demand due to ⭡ risks)

• competition → capturing of new colonies, navigation acts, companies motivated to make better products, ⭡ investment

• losses of war, trade disrupted

‘09-49 rivalry

• initial d. dominance

• English East India Company + Dutch equivalent competed for spices east indies

  • ‘15-25 - 65 d. ships returned vs only 35 e. 

  • d. company more profitable - supported by govt w money/arms, more shareholders (investment, ⭡ efficiency - shareholders expected large returns on money - accountability) 

• ‘17-19 d. seized 4 e. ships - ⭡ hostilities

• ‘35 Charles I tried to claim seas around britain

  • 1/5 d. pop worked in fisheries off british coast  

  • searched out/seized d. ships in waters

• ‘49 d. ended war w spain

  • e. econ suffering - civil war, general depression

‘49-74 escalation, war

• ‘51 - 1^st navigation act

• ‘52-54 - 1st Anglo-Dutch war

  • trigger = d. ship refused to salute e. ⭢ short naval battle

  • e. victory - d. forced to accept navigation act terms + salute (firing canons) e. ships (treaty of westminster)

• ‘60 - 2nd navigation act (⭡ econ at d. expense)

• ‘63 Charles issued Royal Charter for Royal African Company  

  • ⭡ competition - d. had claimed region

• ‘64 e. captured New Amsterdam from d. + renamed it New York

• ‘64-67 - 2nd war

  • Battle of Medway - d. fleet sailed up Thames + captured british flagship

  • d victory - secured relaxation of Navigation Act

  • harmed e. trade esp as merchants struggled to find insurers due to ⭡ risk to ships

• ‘70 Treaty of Dover - e. formed offensive alliance w france against d.

• ‘72-74 - 3^rd war 

  • d. victory - ensured e. kept to agreed relaxing of navigation act 

‘74-88 easing of tensions

• ‘77 - the Netherland’s Stadtholder (monarch equivalent) William III married Mary (daughter of James II) 

• Charles + William formed anti-French alliance

  • c sent army/navy to help dutch fight french 

• ‘85 - Louis XIV revoked edict of Nantes ⭢ lots french prots fled to Holland + England (⭡ shared sense of solidarity) 

• glorious rev - William invited to become king england