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Flexion (Sagittal)
Decreasing the angle between two body parts (bending the elbow)
Extension (Sagittal)
Increasing the angle between two body parts (straightening the knee)
Abduction (Frontal)
Moving a limb away from the midline of the body (raising the arm sideways)
Adduction (Frontal)
Moving a limb toward the midline of the body (bringing the arm back down to the side)
Lateral Flexion (Frontal)
Bending the body to the side (leaning to touch your toes)
Elevation/Depression (Frontal)
Moving body parts upwards (shrugging shoulders) or downwards (lowering shoulders)
Rotation (Transverse)
Turning a body part around its axis (twisting the torso)
Medial Rotation (Transverse)
Rotating a limb toward the body (turning the shoulder inward)
Lateral Rotation (Transverse)
Rotating a limb away from the body (turning the shoulder outward)
Pronation/Supination
Rotating the forearm so the palm faces down (pronation) or up (supination)