Chapter 16: Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
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Clear cutting
can cause soil erosion, water pollution, and loss of wildlife habitat.
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Mimic natures
________ reliance on biodiversity by diversifying energy sources.
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Photovoltaic (PV) cells
Convert solar energy to electric energy.
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Cellulosic ethanol
Produced from cellulose.
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European Union countries
________ produce 95 % of the worlds biodiesel.
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Geothermal heat pump system
Energy efficient and reliable, environmentally clean, and cost-effective to heat or cool a space.
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Hydrogen
Eliminates most of the air pollution problems and reduces global warming threat.
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Ethanol
Can be made from sugarcane, corn, switchgrass, and various wastes.
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Recycle
________ and reuse materials to reduce consumption of energy.
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Crops
________ require large amounts of land.
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Biodiesel
Produced from vegetable oil.
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Living or green roofs
With specially designed soil and vegetation.
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Fuel crops
can compete with food crops for land and raise food prices.
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Active solar heating system
Captures energy from the sun in a heat- absorbing fluid.
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Passive solar heating system
Absorbs and stores heat from the sun directly within a well- insulated structure.
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Wind energy
wind farms convert to electrical energy
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Energy efficiency
How much helpful work we get from each unit of energy
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Cogeneration
Combined heat and power or two forms of energy from the same fuel source
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Living or green roofs
With specially designed soil and vegetation
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Superinsulation
No need for a heating system
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Passive solar heating system
Absorbs and stores heat from the sun directly within a well-insulated structure
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Active solar heating system
Captures energy from the sun in a heat-absorbing fluid
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Photovoltaic (PV) cells
Convert solar energy to electric energy
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Design of solar cells
Sunlight hits cells and releases electrons into wires
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Hydropower
Uses kinetic energy of moving water and is an indirect form of solar energy
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Micro-hydropower generators
floating turbines
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Biomass
Plant materials and animal waste we can burn or turn into biofuels
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Production of solid mass fuel
Plant fast-growing trees; biomass plantations Collect crop residues and animal manure
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Biodiesel
Produced from vegetable oil
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Ethanol
Can be made from sugarcane, corn, switchgrass, and various wastes
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Cellulosic ethanol
Produced from cellulose
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Geothermal Energy Heat Storage
Soil, underground rocks, and fluids in the earths mantle
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Geothermal heat pump system
Energy efficient and reliable, environmentally clean, and cost-effective to heat or cool a space
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Hydrothermal reservoirs
Drill wells and extract various steams, water
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Dry
or wet-steam geothermal reservoirs could be depleted
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Hydrogen
Eliminates most of the air pollution problems and reduces global warming threat
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Chemically locked in water and organic compounds
net negative energy yield
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Wind energy
wind farms convert to electrical energy
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Energy efficiency
How much helpful work we get from each unit of energy
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Cogeneration
Combined heat and power or two forms of energy from the same fuel source
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Superinsulation
No need for a heating system
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Design of solar cells
Sunlight hits cells and releases electrons into wires
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Hydropower
Uses kinetic energy of moving water and is an indirect form of solar energy
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Biomass
Plant materials and animal waste we can burn or turn into biofuels
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Hydrothermal reservoirs
Drill wells and extract various steams, water
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Geothermal Energy Heat Storage
Soil, underground rocks, and fluids in the earth’s mantle