Persuasive Devices in Rhetoric: Logos, Pathos, and Ethos Explained

Logos

Devices that appeal to logic, facts, and rational thought.

Facts and Statistics

Using data or evidence to support an argument.

Logical reasoning

A structured, step-by-step argument based on cause and effect.

Expert opinion

Citing credible professionals to back a point.

Use of evidence and examples

Concrete examples that prove a point.

Counterargument and rebuttal

Addressing and disproving the opposing view.

Analogy or Comparison

Comparing two similar things to make a concept clearer.

Pathos

Devices that appeal to feelings, values, and personal connection.

Emotive language

Words designed to provoke emotional reactions.

Anecdote

A short, personal story used to make a point.

Rhetorical question

A question that doesn't require an answer, used for emphasis.

Hyperbole

Exaggeration for dramatic effect.

Inclusive language

Using words like "we", "us", and "our" to unite speaker and audience.

Appeal to values or morals

Referring to shared principles like justice, fairness, or equality.

Imagery

Vivid descriptions that create a mental picture.

Ethos

Devices that establish the writer/speaker as trustworthy, knowledgeable, or morally upright.

Personal pronouns (first person)

"I", "we", "my" used to show personal investment or shared identity.

Establishing authority or experience

Stating your own qualifications or experience to build trust.

Quoting reliable sources

Using sources that are respected and well-known.

Ethical appeal

Presenting oneself as fair, honest, and trustworthy.

Formal tone and language

Using polished, appropriate language to create a sense of reliability.

Jargon

Specialist words or expressions used by a profession or group.