Cranium - Skull Part A:

Which four bones articulate with the frontal bone?

Left and right parietal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones

Which 5 bones articulate with the parietal bone?

Frontal, occipital, temporal, sphenoid, and opposite parietal bones

Which 6 bones articulate with the occipital bone?

Both parietal, both temporal, sphenoid, and atlas

Which bones make up the skull cap?

Frontal, occipital, and parietal bones

What are the organs of hearing and equilibrium in?

The temporal bone, petrous pyramid

In the Sella Turcica lateral view, where does the PONS sit?

In the clivus

Where is the pituitary gland located?

Sella turcica of the sphenoid bone

What makes up the bony nasal septum in the Ethmoid bone region?

Perpendicular plate

When using the AP Axial "Towne's" projection, what is the area of interest?

The occipital bone region

What area is the most fractured part in the skull?

Squamous portion of the temporal bone

Which is the largest fontanel in the infant skull?

Anterior fontanel

Which fontanel doesn't close until the infant is 18 months old?

Anterior fontanel

Where are wormian bones found?

Within the lambdoidal suture

How much would you angle for the AP Axial (Towne Method)? CR placement?

30° caudad to OML or 37° caudad to IOML for patients who are unable to move head

Where would you center for a right lateral skull?

Center 2 inches superior (above) the EAM

Mid-sagittal plane needs to be parallel

Interpupillary is perpendicular

What would you do to see the occipital bone in a patient that is not able to move their head?

AP Axial with a 37° caudad to the IOML

What angle is needed for the PA cranium (Caldwell) projection? CR placement?

Centered 15° caudad to exit at the nasion and mid-sagittal plane

What is a PA cranium projection used to see?

Frontal bones

What anatomy is seen in the 0° PA projection of the cranium?

Petrous pyramids are in profile covering orbits

What anatomy is seen in the 15° Caldwell projection?

Orbits are in profile and petrous pyramids are covering the lower 1/3 of the orbits.

What angle is needed for a PA cranium projection? CR placement?

0* angle, CR should exit at the glabella

What angle is needed for an SMV projection? CR placement?

No angle

CR: 1/2 inches inferior (below) mandibular symphysis

IOML is parallel to the IR, mid-sagittal plane is perpendicular to the IR

Ear and eye must be parallel

What anatomy would be seen on an SMV projection?

Base of the skull

The glabella is located on ________ cranial bone?

Frontal

The widest portion of the skull is located between the ___.

Parietal tubercles

Which cranial bones houses the organs for hearing and equilibrium?

Temporal bone

Which aspect of the skull is more vulnerable to fractures?

Squamous portion of the temporal bone

The jugular foramen are located on the ___

Temporal bone

Which cranial bone makes up an aspect of the bony nasal septum?

Ethmoid bone

What will OID do to the orbits?

Magnifies them

Which projections of the skull will best demonstrate signs of a pituitary adenoma?

Lateral

How much angulation is required for the AP axial projection of the skull if the IOML is perpendicular to the IR?

37°

Which positioning error is present if the orbital plates are NOT superimposed on a lateral skull radiograph?

Tilt

Which variation of the PA axial projection of the skull has been performed if the petrous ridges are at the level of the supraorbital margin?

PA 0*

Which part of the mandible fits inside the temporomandibular fossa (TMJ)?

The condyles of the mandible

The SMV projection requires that the ____ is placed parallel to the IR.

IOML

Why should you do a cross table lateral is the patient cannot stand?

To see blood in the sphenoid sinuses if there is a fracture. Can see air fluid levels.