Unit 1 & 2 Review

Ap world History Modern, terms and definition for unit 1 and 2

Abbasid Caliphate

(750-1258 CE) The caliphate, after the Umayyads, who focused more on administration than conquering. Had a bureaucracy that any Mulim could be a part of.

Song Dynasty

(960-1279 CE) The Chinese dynasty that placed much more emphasis on civil administration, industry, education, and arts other than military.

Feudalism

A political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belong to their king, in exchange for their loyalty, military service, and protection of the people who live on the land

Champa Rice

Quick-maturing crop that can allow two harvests in one growing season. Originally introduced from India, it was later sent to China as a tribute gift.

Silk Roads

A system of ancient caravan routes across Central Asia, along which traders carried silk and other trade goods.

Swahili City-States

City coasts that actively participated in Indian Ocean trade along the East coast of the African continent

Mansa Musa

Emperor of the kingdom of Mali in Africa. He made a famous pilgrimage to Mecca and established trade routes to the Middle East.

Zen Buddhism

A Buddhist sect that emphasizes enlightenment through meditation and stresses simplicity and discipline.

Delhi Sultanate

The first Islamic government established within India from 1206-1520. Controled a small area of northern India.

House of Wisdom

Combination library, academy, and translation center in Baghdad established in the 1200s.

Bhakti Movement

Emphasized the unity of all the different Hindu gods, the surrender of the self to God, equality and brotherhood of all people, and devotion to God as the number one priority of life.

Caravanserai

An inn with a central courtyard for travelers in the desert regions of Asia or North Africa.

Pax Mongolica

The period of approximately 150 years of relative peace and stability created by the Mongol Empire.

Byzantine Empire

Eastern half of the Roman Empire that survived the fall of the Western half.

Khmer Empire

Aggressive empire in Cambodia and Laos that collapsed in the 1400's when Thailand conquered Cambodia.

Mandate of Heaven

A political theory of ancient China in which those in power were given the right to rule from a divine source.

Crusades

A series of holy wars from 1096-1270 AD undertaken by European Christians to free the Holy Land from Muslim rule.

Timbuktu

Mali trading city that became a center of wealth and learning.

Trans-Saharan Trade

Route across the Sahara desert. Major trade route that traded for gold and salt, created caravan routes, economic benefit for controlling dessert, camels played a huge role in the trading.

Shogunate

The Japanese system of centralized government under a shogun, who exercised actual power while the emperor was reduced to a figurehead.

Bubonic Plague

Disease brought to Europe from the Mongols during the Middle Ages. It killed 1/3 of the population and helps end Feudalism. Rats, fleas.

Mongol Khanates

Regions held under control of Mongol Khans including Khanates of Chaghati, Golden Horde, the Great Khan and Ilkhanate of Persia.

Yuan Dynasty

(1279-1368 CE) The dynasty with Mongol rule in China; centralized with bureaucracy but structure is different: Mongols on top->Persian bureaucrats->Chinese bureaucrats.

Caravan

A group of traders traveling together.

Indian Ocean Basin

Connected East Africa, Middle East, South Asia, and Southeast Asia with China and Japan.

Monsoon Winds

Seasonal winds in India, the winter monsoon brings hot, dry weather and the summer monsoon brings rain, heavily used by trading ships to expedite ocean crossing.

Diaspora

A dispersion of people from their homeland.

Pilgrimage

A journey to a place considered sacred for religious purposes.

Junk Ship

A very large flat-bottom sailing ship produced in the Tang and Song Empires, specially designed for long-distance commercial travel and participation in the tribute system.

Astrolabe

An instrument used by sailors to determine their location by observing the position of the stars and planets.

Genghis Khan

Also known as Temujin; he united the Mongol tribes into an unstoppable fighting force; created largest single land empire in history.

Zheng He

Chinese admiral during the Ming Dynasty, he led great voyages that spread China's fame throughout Asia.

Uyghur Script

Written form of the Mongol language.

Kashgar

A central trading point where the Eastern and Western Silk Roads met.

Dhow Ship

Is a traditional Arab sailing vessel with one or more lateen sails. It is primarily used to carry heavy items, like fruit, along the coasts of the Arabian Peninsula, Pakistan, India and East Africa.

Marco Polo

Venetian merchant and traveler. His accounts of his travels to China offered Europeans a firsthand view of Asian lands and stimulated interest in Asian trade.

Flying Cash

Enabled merchants to deposit good or cash at one location and draw the equivalent in cash or merchandise elsewhere in China.

Swahili Coast

East African shores of the Indian Ocean between the Horn of Africa and the Zambezi River; from the Arabic sawahil, meaning 'shores.'

Samarkand

During the rule of Timur Lane was the most influential capital city, a wealthy trading center known for decorated mosques and tombs.

Camel Saddle

An invention which gives camel riders more stability on the animal and its invention and basic idea traveled along the Trans-Saharan Caravan Trade Route. Invented somewhere between 500 and 100 BCE by Bedouin tribes.