Chem Covalent Bonds

covalent bond

a type of chemical bond where two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons to achieve stability in their outer electron shells.

molecule

a group of atoms bonded together by covalent bonds, representing the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound.

Lewis Dot Structure

a diagram that shows the valence electrons of atoms within a molecule, illustrating how they are shared or transferred in covalent and ionic bonds.

lone pair

a pair of valence electrons that are not shared with another atom and are localized on a single atom.

bonding pair

a pair of electrons that are shared between two atoms, forming a covalent bond.

octet rule

a principle stating that atoms tend to prefer having eight electrons in their valence shell, leading to greater stability.

bond angle

the angle formed between two adjacent bonds in a molecule, typically influenced by the arrangement of electron pairs around a central atom.

valence electrons

the electrons in the outermost shell of an atom that are involved in forming bonds.

VESPR theory

a model used to predict the geometry of molecules based on minimizing electron pair repulsion around a central atom.

electron domain

a region around a central atom where electrons are likely to be found, including bonding and nonbonding electron pairs.