Topic 3

Epithelial Tissue

Lines and covers body surfaces and cavities; characterized by closely packed cells with little extracellular matrix.

Connective Tissue

Most abundant tissue type, provides support, connects tissues, protects organs, stores energy, and transports substances.

Axial Skeleton

Consists of 80 bones forming the central axis of the body, including the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage.

Appendicular Skeleton

Consists of 126 bones including the limbs and girdles that attach them to the axial skeleton.

Synovial Joints

Most common and movable type of joint, characterized by a joint cavity containing synovial fluid.

Osteoblasts

Bone-forming cells that synthesize and secrete the organic components of bone matrix.

Osteoclasts

Large cells that resorb (break down) bone tissue; crucial for bone remodeling.

Long Bones

Bones that are longer than wide, primarily contain compact bone, and include examples like the femur and humerus.

Hematopoiesis

The process of blood cell formation that occurs in red bone marrow.

Prevalence

The proportion of individuals in a population who have a disease or health condition at a specific point in time.

Incidence

The rate at which new cases of a disease occur in a population at risk over a specified period.

Bursitis

Inflammation of a bursa, which is a fibrous sac lined with synovial membrane.

Cartilage

Flexible connective tissue that provides low-friction surfaces for joints.

Menisci

Crescents of fibrocartilage in some synovial joints that improve fit between bones and absorb shock.

Diaphysis

The tubular shaft of a long bone, composed of dense compact bone.

Epiphysis

The enlarged end of a long bone, made of compact bone covering spongy bone.

Periosteum

A tough, fibrous connective tissue membrane covering the outer surface of the entire bone.

Ligaments

Dense regular connective tissues that connect bone to bone, crucial for joint stability.

Tendons

Dense regular connective tissues that connect muscle to bone.

Bursae

Flattened fibrous sacs containing synovial fluid that reduce friction in joints.

Skeletal Muscle

Striated muscle under voluntary control responsible for body movement.

Epidemiology

The study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations.

Determinants

The causes and other factors influencing the occurrence or risk of health-related events.

Disease Frequency

The measurement of how often a disease occurs in a population.

Tertiary Prevention

Strategies aimed at reducing the impact of an existing disease and improving quality of life.