Psychoanalysis – Lecture 11 (UMS FPKS)

40 vocabulary flashcards summarizing key figures, concepts, stages, and critiques from the psychoanalysis lecture.

Psychoanalysis

A theory of personality and therapeutic method founded by Sigmund Freud that emphasizes unconscious motives, internal conflict, and early childhood experiences.

Psychic Determinism

Freud’s belief that all mental events—even slips of the tongue or dreams—have unconscious, causal roots.

Rationalism vs. Irrationalism

Philosophical contrast in which psychoanalysis aligns with irrationalism, stressing emotion, instinct, and non-logical processes over pure reason.

Romanticism & Existentialism

Philosophical movements valuing individual emotion, struggle, and the darker sides of human nature that influenced Freud’s ideas.

Jean-Martin Charcot

French neurologist whose work on hysteria and hypnosis shaped Freud’s early thinking about the unconscious.

Pierre Janet

French psychologist who studied dissociation and unconscious processes, influencing Freud’s development of psychoanalysis.

Josef Breuer

Physician who co-treated Anna O. with Freud and introduced the cathartic method, laying groundwork for psychoanalysis.

Cathartic Method

Breuer’s technique of relieving symptoms by talking through traumatic memories, precursor to psychoanalytic treatment.

Sigmund Freud

Austrian neurologist (1856–1939), born Sigismund Schlomo Freud, recognized as the father of psychoanalysis.

Vienna Psychoanalytic Society

Group founded by Freud in 1908 to discuss and advance psychoanalytic theory.

Unconscious Mind

Deepest level of mental activity containing repressed desires, instincts, and traumatic memories.

Conscious

Portion of mind holding current thoughts and perceptions.

Preconscious

Layer of mind containing memories that are not in awareness but can be accessed voluntarily.

Id

Innate, entirely unconscious component driven by the pleasure principle and instinctual needs.

Ego

Rational part of personality that mediates between id, superego, and reality via the reality principle.

Superego

Internalized moral standards and societal rules acting as conscience.

Defense Mechanisms

Ego strategies to reduce anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality (e.g., repression, denial, projection).

Repression

Primary defense mechanism that banishes unacceptable thoughts to the unconscious.

Projection

Defense mechanism attributing one’s unacceptable impulses to others.

Displacement

Redirecting emotional impulses from a threatening object to a safer substitute.

Sublimation

Channeling unacceptable impulses into socially valued activities (e.g., art, sports).

Psychosexual Stages

Freud’s five developmental phases (oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital) centered on erogenous zones.

Oral Stage

First psychosexual phase (0–1 yr); pleasure focuses on mouth-related activities.

Anal Stage

Second phase (1–3 yrs); gratification centers on bowel and bladder control.

Phallic Stage

Third phase (3–6 yrs); focus on genitals and Oedipus complex emerges.

Oedipus Complex

Phallic-stage conflict where a child feels desire for the opposite-sex parent and rivalry with the same-sex parent.

Latency Period

Fourth stage (6–12 yrs); sexual impulses subside while social and cognitive skills develop.

Genital Stage

Final stage (12+ yrs); mature sexual interests and relationships form.

Dream Analysis

Freud’s technique of interpreting dreams as the “royal road” to the unconscious.

Free Association

Therapeutic method where patients verbalize thoughts without censorship to uncover unconscious material.

Analytical Psychology

Carl Jung’s school emphasizing the collective unconscious and archetypes.

Collective Unconscious

Jung’s concept of inherited, universal psychic structures shared by all humans.

Archetypes

Universal, symbolic images in the collective unconscious (e.g., hero, mother).

Introversion/Extraversion

Jung’s personality attitudes describing inward vs. outward orientation of energy.

Individual Psychology

Alfred Adler’s theory focusing on social interest, inferiority feelings, and striving for superiority.

Inferiority Complex

Adler’s term for pervasive feelings of inadequacy motivating compensatory behavior.

Drive for Superiority

Adler’s concept that humans strive to overcome inferiority and achieve competence.

Object Relations Theory

Melanie Klein’s approach emphasizing infants’ early relationships with caregivers as formative for personality.

Fixation (Psychosexual)

Lingering focus on an earlier psychosexual stage due to unresolved conflicts, affecting adult personality.

Criticisms of Psychoanalysis

Charges of being unscientific, overemphasizing sexuality, and relying on biased case studies.

Legacy of Psychoanalysis

Enduring influence on psychology, psychiatry, literature, art, and popular culture through its focus on the unconscious.