OCR B Living under Nazi rule and The mughal empire
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104 Terms
When did Hitler become Chancellor of Germany?
30 January 1933.
What was the Reichstag Fire?
A fire in the German parliament building on 27 February 1933 that the Nazis used to claim Germany faced a communist threat.
What was the Enabling Act?
A law passed in March 1933 that allowed Hitler to make laws without the Reichstag.
When did Hitler become Führer?
August 1934 after President Hindenburg died.
What was the Night of the Long Knives?
A purge of Nazi opponents, especially SA leaders, in June 1934.
How did the Enabling Act help Hitler?
It gave him dictatorial powers by allowing him to pass laws without parliamentary approval.
What happened to other political parties under Nazi rule?
They were banned, making Germany a one-party state.
What was Gleichschaltung?
The process of bringing all areas of German society under Nazi control.
Why was the Night of the Long Knives important?
It removed rivals and gained the support of the army.
What oath did German soldiers take after 1934?
An oath of personal loyalty to Hitler.
What was the Gestapo?
The Nazi secret police.
What was the SS?
Hitler's elite security organisation led by Heinrich Himmler.
What were concentration camps originally used for?
Holding political opponents and enemies of the Nazi regime.
How did the Nazis use fear to control people?
Through surveillance, arrests, imprisonment and intimidation.
Why were Germans afraid to criticise the Nazis?
They could be reported, arrested or imprisoned.
Who was the Minister of Propaganda?
Joseph Goebbels.
What was the purpose of Nazi propaganda?
To influence public opinion and increase support for Hitler.
How did the Nazis use radio?
Cheap radios spread Nazi messages to millions of Germans.
How were films used by the Nazis?
To promote Nazi ideas and glorify Hitler.
What image of Hitler did propaganda create?
A strong and caring leader who would restore Germany's greatness.
What was the Hitler Youth?
A Nazi youth organisation for boys.
What was the League of German Girls (BDM)?
The Nazi youth organisation for girls.
What did boys learn in the Hitler Youth?
Military skills, fitness and loyalty to Hitler.
What did girls learn in the BDM?
Domestic skills and preparation for motherhood.
Why did the Nazis want to control education?
To indoctrinate young people with Nazi beliefs.
How were school subjects changed under the Nazis?
Subjects promoted nationalism, racism and loyalty to Hitler.
What was the Nazi view of women?
Women should focus on children, family and the home.
What was the Nazi slogan for women?
Kinder, Küche, Kirche (Children, Kitchen, Church).
How did the Nazis encourage women to have children?
Through marriage loans and awards for large families.
What was the Mother's Cross?
A medal awarded to women who had many children.
Why were women discouraged from working?
The Nazis believed their main role was motherhood.
How did Nazi policies reduce unemployment?
Public works programmes, rearmament and military service.
What was rearmament?
Building up Germany's armed forces.
What was the Autobahn?
A network of motorways built under Nazi rule.
What was the German Labour Front (DAF)?
The organisation that replaced trade unions.
What was Strength Through Joy (KdF)?
A programme providing leisure activities and holidays for workers.
Who were the Nazis' main racial targets?
Jewish people.
What were the Nuremberg Laws of 1935?
Laws that removed Jewish citizenship and rights.
What happened during Kristallnacht?
Violent attacks on Jewish homes, businesses and synagogues in November 1938.
What was anti-Semitism?
Prejudice or discrimination against Jewish people.
How did the Nazis discriminate against Jews before World War II?
They removed rights, jobs and freedoms.
Who else was persecuted by the Nazis?
Roma people, disabled people, homosexuals and political opponents.
What was censorship?
Controlling information and banning unwanted ideas.
Why was censorship important to the Nazis?
It prevented criticism of the regime.
How did propaganda and terror work together?
Propaganda encouraged support while terror discouraged opposition
What was a dictatorship?
A system where one person has total power.
Why was Nazi Germany considered a dictatorship?
Hitler controlled the government, laws and opposition parties.
When did Nazi rule end?
May 1945 with Germany's defeat in World War II.
Who founded the Mughal Empire?
Babur.
When was the Mughal Empire established?
1526.
What battle established Mughal rule in India?
The First Battle of Panipat in 1526.
Who did Babur defeat at the First Battle of Panipat?
Ibrahim Lodi, the Sultan of Delhi.
What advantages helped Babur win at Panipat?
Gunpowder weapons, artillery and strong military tactics.
Who succeeded Babur?
Humayun.
What problems did Humayun face?
Rebellions and challenges from rival rulers.
Who forced Humayun into exile?
Sher Shah Suri.
How did Humayun regain power?
He returned with Persian support and recaptured Delhi in 1555.
Who became emperor after Humayun?
Akbar.
Why is Akbar considered one of the greatest Mughal rulers?
He expanded the empire and promoted religious tolerance.
When did Akbar rule?
1556–1605.
What was Akbar's policy towards religion?
Religious tolerance.
What was Sulh-i-kul?
Akbar's policy of universal peace and tolerance.
How did Akbar improve government?
He appointed officials based on ability and organised administration efficiently.
What was the Mansabdari system?
A ranking system for military and government officials.
Why was the Mansabdari system important?
It helped Akbar control the empire and reward loyalty.
How did Akbar treat Hindu subjects?
He allowed them to hold important positions and reduced discrimination.
What was the jizya tax?
A tax paid by non-Muslims.
What did Akbar do with the jizya tax?
He abolished it.
Who succeeded Akbar?
Jahangir.
When did Jahangir rule?
1605–1627.
What was Jahangir known for?
Maintaining stability and supporting the arts.
Who was Nur Jahan?
Jahangir's influential wife.
Why was Nur Jahan important?
She had significant political influence during Jahangir's reign.
Who succeeded Jahangir?
Shah Jahan.
When did Shah Jahan rule?
1628-1658.
What is Shah Jahan best known for?
Building the Taj Mahal.
Why was the Taj Mahal built?
As a tomb for Shah Jahan's wife Mumtaz Mahal.
What does the Taj Mahal demonstrate about the Mughal Empire?
Its wealth, power and architectural achievements.
Who succeeded Shah Jahan?
Aurangzeb.
When did Aurangzeb rule?
1658–1707.
How did Aurangzeb expand the empire?
Through military campaigns across India.
What was Aurangzeb's attitude towards religion?
He followed stricter Islamic policies.
What did Aurangzeb do with the jizya tax?
He reintroduced it.
Why were some groups unhappy with Aurangzeb's rule?
His religious policies reduced tolerance.
How large did the Mughal Empire become under Aurangzeb?
It reached its greatest territorial extent.
What was the capital of the Mughal Empire under several rulers?
Delhi.
What language was commonly used at the Mughal court?
Persian.
What role did trade play in the Mughal Empire?
It brought wealth through commerce with Asia, the Middle East and Europe.
What goods were traded by the Mughal Empire?
Textiles, spices, silk and precious goods.
Why was agriculture important to the Mughal Empire?
It was the main source of wealth and tax revenue.
How did the Mughal government collect taxes?
Through officials who assessed and collected land revenue.
What was a zamindar?
A local landowner responsible for collecting taxes.
What was the significance of gunpowder in the Mughal Empire?
It gave Mughal armies a military advantage.
How did the Mughals demonstrate their power?
Through impressive buildings, military success and royal ceremonies.
What was Mughal architecture known for?
Large domes, symmetry, gardens and decorative artwork.
Name two famous examples of Mughal architecture.
The Taj Mahal and the Red Fort.
What was the Red Fort?
A major Mughal fortress and palace complex in Delhi.
Why were paintings important in Mughal culture?
They recorded events and demonstrated artistic achievement.
What religion did most Mughal emperors follow?
Islam.
What religion was followed by most of their subjects?
Hinduism.