Flooding stuff

whats a flood

overflow of water beyond the limit of a water course
flooding occurs when water extends over dryland

Riverine flooding

when water breaks over the banks and surrounds the land with water
Causes: king tide, heavy rainfall, storm surge, snowmelt
It can spread to thousands of Km

Flash Flooding

is when land thats usually dry gets flooded and occurs within six hours of heavy rainfall. Its usually localised

Factors that may cause flooding chances

the usual amount of local rainfall and runoff
local topography, vegetation and soil types, e.g. if a river with more trees=less flooding as trees suck up water, deflect water etc.…

Longterm effect of floods

Rivers=long
Can occur weeks or months after rain, sometimes hundreds of kms away because it carries the water on the course

King tide

Exceptionally high tide
natural and predictable, varies by location and between years.
When ocean meets the land at beaches, harbours, etc..
increase flooding

Storm Surge

rise above sea normal sea level along shore caused by storm
Strong onshore winds
Accompany tropical cyclone, can occur due to low pressure system
Coastal flooding=likely

topography

the study and description of the physical features of an area

urban flooding

Urban flooding happens when city landscapes cannot absorb excess water from high rainfall

Impacts of floodings(neg)

loss homes, jobs, injury, destruction of agriculutre, food suply loss, contaminated water, buisness closes, loss stock, repair bills, road damage, housing, power, commmunication systems

Hard engineering

Hard engineering refers to physical structures built to control river flow and prevent flooding. Examples of hard engineering include dams, levees, and concrete channels

Soft engineering

Soft engineering refers to more natural approaches to flood management that work with the river's natural environment.Examples of soft engineering include restoring wetlands, creating flood plains, and planting vegetation along river banks

River restoration

soft engineering, removes hard engineering stuff-restore river=original course=less straight=slow flow of river

leeves

Levees are natural or artificial barriers installed along the riverbanks that block water from coming out and flooding the surrounding areas by redirecting the flow. They also help stop the course of the river from changing, help prevent erosion, and raise the height of the riverbanks, providing more protection.

dam

A dam is a barrier that stops or restricts the flow of surface water or underground streams.

flood defence barriors

similar to leeves
increase channel size=prevent overflow of river