Unit 1 Test- Introduction

Legislative Branch

Senate and House of Representatives: drafts, debates, and vote on laws.

Executive Branch

President: Responsibility to carry out /enforce laws

Judicial Branch

Courts system - Interprets laws and ensures laws are fair

Bicameral Legisature

House of Representatives and Senate - Ensures checks and balances

House of Senates

Two Representatives per state to ensure fairness

House of Representatives

Representatives based on population

Checks and Balances

Ensures equal power, prevents abusive usage of power, and protects rights

Federalists

Wanted a strong Central government, supported the constitution

Antifederalist

Wanted a strong STATE government, feared strong central government, did not support ratification of the constitution

New Jersey Plan

Alternative to Virginia Plan, Failed, Beneficial towards smaller states, strong state government, representatives NOT based on population

Virginia Plan

Representation based on Population, beneficial to larger states, succeeded, strong central government

The Great Compromise

An agreement, created the Bicameral Legislature to settle the dispute between smaller and larger states

Manifest Destiny

Belief that Americans were destines by god to expand westward , represented Americans national identity, affected Native Americans by taking away their land

Indian Removal Act

Relocation of native Americans into southeastern U.S , to help the expansion of white settlers onto fertile land

Trail of Tears

Devastating Journey of relocation of native Americans towards Mississippi river, many died due to harsh conditions and diseases due to lack of medical care.

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Agreement that ended Mexican-American War, America gained 55% of Mexico’s land, paid 15 million, and also Mexicans got granted naturalized citizenship

Monroe Doctrine

Foreign policy to assert U.S. influence in western hemisphere and opposed European influence and colonialism

Triangular Trade

Transatlantic Trading system among Europe, Africa and the Americas

North

Did not support slavery, focused on industrial, industrialization started in north

South

supported slavery, agricultural based, used slaves as free labor for their economic growth

Causes Of Civil War

South and North conflict of slavery and states, and state rights

Slavery and the Courts

The legal battles that showed struggle of slaves to get out of slavery even though they were in free state, showing how judiciary was a tool to uphold slavery

Dred Scott Case

Enslaved individual that got ruled against from supreme court due to the courts belief that slaves were property and not citizens and that they must return even if they’re in a free state

Missouri Compromise

A legislative agreement in 1820 to address the issue of slavery expansion into new states , emerged from Missouri choosing if they should be slave or free state

Compromise of 1850

To help resolve tension of north and south about territorial expansion into the new territories after Mexican-American War

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Escalation of tensions between north and south, act to organize Kansas and Nebraska territories

Abolition Movement

Social and Political effort to end slavery and promotion of rights and freedoms of slaves.

Efforts of antislavery in south

some individuals and groups worked in silence, offering help to slaves to escape through the underground railroad.

efforts of antislavery in north

moral, religious, or political motivation to help enslaved people escape and gain their freedom, some people went to the south and saved enslaved people via the underground railroad, also some people did petitions, speeches, and publications

opposition of abolition

south argued it was necessary for their economy and social order, while in the north opposition came from individuals who feared the economic and social impact of emancipation

sectionalism

division of north and south over issues of slavery economic interest and political power