Psych 350 Purdue Exam 1 Material

psychological disorders

abnormal behavior patterns that involve a disturbance of psychological functioning or behavior

legal criteria

-potential harm to oneself

-potential harm to others

cultures

__________ varies on what constitutes abnormality

demonological model

mental illness is caused by demonic possession

trephination

drilling holes into a persons head to release the demons that are causes abnormal behavior

humors

hippocrates said personality was defined by body chemicals called ___________

phlegmatic

slow, sluggish

melancholia

depressive

sanguine

cheerful

choleric

quick-tempered

dualism

mind vs body

15-17

____-____th centuries were the period for witch hunts and exorcisms

malleus maleficarum

one of the most famous manuals for witch hunts

Pussin, Pinel

18th & 19th centuries led by ___________ and _____________

humane, caring

Pussin created and incurables ward base on ____________ and ____________ treatment

moral therapy

treat hospitalized patients with care and understanding

lobotomy

Early 20th century moral therapy withered and ___________ became the new, worse method of treatment for abnormal behavior

Community Health Movement

___________ ___________ ____________ established care of those release by hospitals under the policy of deinstitutionalization

drug

Community mental health movement helped develop new ______ classes to treat disorders

self sufficient

The aim of Community mental health movement was to help make people _____ _____________

homelessness

Lack of funding in community mental health centers led to widespread _______________________

stigma

considerable ____________ attached to mental illness today

drugs, therapy

In today's society we have strong preferences for cheaper _______ over expensive ______________

existing

___________ theory is when we use current understanding of idea and all research from before

testifiable hypothesis

a ________ _______________ is what sets science apart from non-science

naturalistic

_________ method is when they observe in natural environment

correlational

_______________ method co-variation of two or more variables by using statistics

epidemiological

___________________ method examines rates of occurrence within a population

case study

this method studies an individual in great depth

kinship

these studies map out relative roles of hereditary and environment

kinship

relies on family, adoption, and twin studies, including twins separated at birth

experimental

this method manipulates independent and dependent variables

incidence

rates of occurrence of specific disorder

prevalence

number of new cases for one specific time period

random sampling

a process randomly chooses individuals within target population

random assignment

randomly assigning people to different experimental conditions or treatments

proband

case that is first seen in family or diagnosed

causal factors

the epidemiological model points to potential _________ ______________

surveys (questionnaires)

the epidemiological model uses studies like ________ (or _____________)

kinship

which study focuses on genotype vs phenotype?

medical model

the term "mental disorder" is derived from the ________ __________

medical model

views abnormal behavior as a set of symptoms that are the cause of underlying illness or brain disorder

15

________% of adults receive help but many don't go and get it

origin of medical model

hippocrates said ailments come from natural causes not demons

syndromes

clusters of symptoms that are indicative of particular disease/condition

genetics

medical model fosters inquiry into ___________

informed consent, confidentiality

Ethics in psychological are rooted in __________ ____________, and ____________________

why

the naturalistic method lacks insight into the _________ behind behavior

stronger

the correlational method says that the closer the variables are to -1.00 to +1.00 the ______________ the relationship between the variables

causation

correlation does not mean ______________

causal

the experimental method allows scientists to demonstrate ____________ relationships by manipulating factors

pain, negative

placebo effects are generally strongest in studies with ________ or _____________ emotional states

expectancies

placebo controlled groups are used in psychotherapy research to control for subject expectancies

internal

____________ validity is observed changes in dependent variable are causally related to changes in independent or treatment variable

factors

experimental method experiences lack of internal validity when they fail to control for other __________________

external

_________ validity is the generalizability of the results of an experimental study to other individuals, settings, times

representative

the external validity is strengthened when the sample is ________________ to the population

external

single case experimental designs have weak ___________ validity

replication

What helps strengthen to external validity of single case experimental designs

construct

_____________ validity is conceptually higher level of validity

dementia praecox

precursor of schizoprenia

manic depression

now bipolar disorder

genetics

___________ play an important role

predispositions

genes don't tell the whole story they just give us _______________

50

concordance rate for schizophrenia between identical twins is just under ______% despite a 100% overlap in DNA

genes, environment, biology

What triggers these predispositions are interaction with other ______________, interaction with the _______________, and interaction with other aspects of ________________.

neuroscience

most of the research that gets widely reported in media is derived from __________________.

psychoanalytic

__________________ theory states that psychological problems are rooted in unconscious motives and conflicts that can be traced back to childhood

id

original psychic structure that is the base for basic drives and impulses like hunger, thirst, sex, aggression.

unconscious

the id is in the __________________ part of the mind

ego

develops in the first year of life to deal with lack of instant gratification and learning how to deal with frustration

ego

seeks to curb the demands of the id

reality principle

the ego is governed by the _________ ____________ and this is what considers what is practical and possible as well as the urgings of the id

superego

develops in middle childhood, the internalization of moral standards from our parents and other key people in our life

ego

the superego monitors the ___________ by making us feel shame and guilt

id, ego

Freud's theory suggests that psychological disorders come from conflict between the _____ and the ____ that fight fro expression

repression

motivated forgetting

denial

refusal to accept the reality of a threatening impulse

rationalization

self-justifications for unacceptable behavior used as a form of self-deception

displacement

directing one's unacceptable impulses toward threatening objects onto safer or less threatening objects

projection

attributing one's own impulses or wishes to another person

reaction formation

taking the opposite stance to what one truly wishes or believes so as to keep one's genuine impulses repressed

regression

return of behaviors associated with earlier stages of development, generally during times of stress

sublimation

channeling ones own unacceptable impulses into more socially appropriate pursuits or activities

Charcot, Breuer

__________ and ____________ used hypnosis to treat hysterical paralysis

catharsis

the aim of hypnotic therapy was to bring unconscious emotions to the surface so a ___________ could take place

psychodynamic model

based on the internal dynamics of the unconscious mind

eros

the basic drive to preserve and perpetuate life

libido

aka sexual energy

oral

Freud's developmental stage of the first year of life

anal

freuds developmental stage for the second year of life

phallic

freuds developmental stage beginning in the third year of life

latency

freuds developmental stage that ranges from 6-12 years old

genital

freuds developmental stage that starts when puberty hits

fixation

leads to the development of personality traits characteristic of that stage

analytical psychology

developed by Carl Jung and believed that an understadning of human behavior must incorporate self-awareness and self-direction as well as impulses of the id and mechanisms of defense

archetypes

According to Jung, emotionally charged images and thought forms that have universal meaning.

inferiority complex

Alfred Adler was in Freud's inner circle but broke away bc he thought people are driven by an _____________ _____________ not by sexual instinct

Karen Horney

stressed the importance of child-parent relationships in dvlp emotional problems

classical

learning by association (with things, environment, think Pavlov and salivating dogs)