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Philosophy
ethics
relativity
utilitarianism
egoism
divine command theory
categorical imperative
buddhist ethics
moral
moral quandries
cultural relativism
ethical relativism
consequentialism
hedonism
act utilitarianism
rule utilitarianism
natural law ethics
principle of double effect
aquinas
kant
categorical imperative
heteronomy
buddhism
Aristotle
virtue
Kohlberg
gilligan
moral quandaries
moral responsibility
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Ethics
is the study of morality; it involves reflecting on one’s moral standards or the moral standards of a group or a society, and asking whether they are reasonable.
Cultural relativism
affirms that societies differ in their moral standards.
Ethical absolutism
view that there is one and only one correct set of moral standards that everyone should follow everywhere and always.
Ethical relativism
argues that because societies differ in the moral standards they accept, it follows that there is no single correct set of moral standards everyone should adopt
Ethical egoism
claims that a morally right action is one that produces more good and fewer bad consequences for oneself than any other action.
Hedonist egoists
claim that good consequences are those that produce pleasure for oneself, whereas bad consequences are those that produce pain.
Utilitarianism
claims that a morally right action is one that produces more good and fewer bad consequences for everyone than any other action.
Act Utilitarianism
claims that the right action is the one that itself produces more pleasure and less pain for everyone than any other action
Rule Utilitarianism
claims that the right action is the one that follows those moral rules that will produce more pleasure and less pain if followed by everyone
Divine command theory
a nonconsequentialist theory that says the morally right action is the one that God commands for example, in scripture
natural law ethics
says that human nature has certain natural tendencies and that morally right actions are those that follow these natural tendencies
principle of double effect
says that when an action has both a good and a bad effect—it produces one good but destroys another
autonomy
the ability to decide for oneself the moral laws one will follow
heteronomy
to let something or someone else decide what moral laws one will follow
Kant’s categorical imperative
to be a morally good person I must never do something unless it is what I believe everyone ought to do
Kant’s second categorical imperative
Aristotle’s theory of virtue
only by fulfilling their specific purpose, which is to exercise their reason, and to do so in an excellent or virtuous way
Gilligan
argued that Kohlberg’s levels are those through which men’s morality develops, but women’s morality develops through a different sequence of levels based on caring for oneself and for others.
Kant
Who argued this?
The Noble Eightfold Path
What is this?
five buddhist precepts
What are these?
Kohlberg
Whose argument is this?
Gilligan
Whose argument is this?
buddhism
considers volitional actions as supremely important because they contribute to a person’s karma, which then determines a person’s future
The Four Noble Truths
What are these?
da-na
the willingness to give when need arises
metta
loving kindness
Philia
brotherly love
Eros
an intensely passionate love
agape
the love that God or a Christian has for every person even if there is nothing good, pleasurable, or useful about that person