Chapter 17: Large-Scale Chromosome Changes

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms and concepts related to chapter 17 on large-scale chromosome changes.

Euploid

Organisms with a multiple of a basic chromosome set (having a whole number multiple of a haploid chromosome set).

Aneuploidy

An organism whose chromosome number differs from the wild type by part of a chromosome set.

Monoploid

An organism in an otherwise diploid species with a single chromosome set (n).

Polyploid

Individual organisms with more than two chromosome sets, common in plants.

Autopolyploidy

Polyploidy resulting from chromosome sets from one species only.

Allopolyploidy

Polyploidy resulting from chromosome sets from different species.

Disjunction

Normal segregation of homologous chromosomes and chromatids during mitosis and meiosis.

Nondisjunction

Failure of homologs or sister chromatids to separate properly during mitosis or meiosis.

Monosomy

The condition of having one less than the diploid number of chromosomes (2n-1).

Trisomy

The condition of having one more than the diploid number of chromosomes (2n+1).

Gene Balance

The ratio of genes and gene products among chromosomes.

Deletion

The loss of a chromosomal segment, resulting in an imbalanced rearrangement.

Duplication

The gain of an additional copy of a segment of DNA.

Inversion

A change in gene order without gain or loss of DNA.

Translocation

A rearrangement involving the exchange of chromosome segments between nonhomologous chromosomes.

Pseudodominance

Phenotypic expression of recessive alleles uncovered due to deletions.

Mullerian mimicry

Evolutionary phenomenon where different species evolve similar traits to avoid predation.

Proto-oncogene

A gene that has the potential to cause cancer when mutated or expressed at high levels.