Notebook Page 46

What event in 1905 nearly led to revolution in Russia?

The loss to the Japanese during the Russo-Japanese War.

What was created to partially share power with the Tsar after the 1905 unrest?

The Duma.

Which war exacerbated the problems in Russia leading up to the 1917 revolutions?

World War I.

What was the major uprising in Russia during winter 1917 called?

The February Revolution.

What did the Duma decide to continue despite public opposition?

The unpopular war effort.

What type of ideology did the Soviets generally favor?

Socialist/Marxist ideology.

What promise did Vladimir Lenin make to gain support from the discontented population?

'Peace, land, and bread'.

What was the outcome of the October Revolution of 1917?

The overthrow of the Duma and the establishment of the USSR.

What policy did Lenin introduce in 1921 to increase agricultural production?

The New Economic Policy (NEP).

What was the main agricultural policy of Stalin after he rose to power?

Agricultural collectivization.

What was the targeted class for removal during Stalin's de-kulakization campaign?

The kulaks.

What was the deliberate starvation of approximately 4 million Ukrainians from 1932-1933 called?

Holodomor.

What purges initiated by Stalin resulted in the execution of up to 1.2 million Soviets?

The Great Purge.

What political ideology arose in opposition to communism, characterized by extreme nationalism?

Fascism.

Who was a prominent fascist leader in Germany?

Adolf Hitler.

What laws were issued in 1935 that revoked citizenship from Jewish people in Germany?

The Nuremberg Laws.

What was the name of Hitler's secret police force?

The Gestapo.

What is the term for authoritarian leaders who maintain power through fear and propaganda?

Totalitarians.

What military organization was known for protecting Hitler and the Nazi Party?

The Schutzstaffel (SS).

Which totalitarian leader in Italy aimed to restore Italian prestige and power?

Benito Mussolini.

What were the prison camps used by Stalin called?

Gulags.

What was a common feature of the regimes of Stalin, Mussolini, and Hitler?

Utilization of loyal military forces, secret police, and propaganda.