Prosocial behaviour

What is pro-social behaviour?

Acts that are positively viewed by society

Prosocial includes being both

.helpful and acturistic

How is prosocial behaviour defined?

It is defined by societies norms

What is helping behaviour?

Aces that intentionally benefit someone. Else/group

What is altruism?

Acts that senifit another person rathe than than the self

What are some examples or activism?

Volunteering for recitations during Covid

What is an example f being unsocial behaviour?

Kitty Genoese

What are 2 biological reasons who people support prosocial behavious?

•Mutualism

. Kin selection

What are 2 reasons why people proform prosocial behaviours from a social psychological perspective?

. Social norms, social learning

What is the biological and evolutionary explanation why people proform prosocial behaviour

Humans have an innate tendency cohelp others and pass on our geneshelping kin supports our survival rates, animals also engage in prosocial behaviour

What are 2 explanations of pro social behaviours inhumans and animals identified by Steven's and Cushman und houser

Mutualism and kin selection

What is mutualism

Prosocial behaviou benifics the co-oporator as well as others a defector will do worse than a co-operator

What is kin selection?

Prosocial behaviour is biased towards blood relatives because it helps their own genes

Anat are 3 social norms that might explain why people engage in prosocial behaviou?

Reciprocity principle, social responsibility, just-word hypothesis

What is the reciprocity principle?

. Glouldner we help people who help us

What is the social responsibility principle?

Berkowitz - we should help those in need independent of their ability to help u

What is the just-world hypothesis?

Lerner and Miller- world is a just and four place, it we come across anyone who is undeservingly suffering wechelp then to restore belief on a just world

What are the 3 ways children learn prosocial behaviour?

Giving instructions, using reinforcement, exposure to models

What does the preacher have to do when giving instructors

Consistent

Using reinforcement

Children are lives to hep more it they are rewarded

Exposure to models?

Modelling a more effective in shaping behaviou than reinforcement

Gentile

Children who played more violent video games were more likely Tu se violent

Social learning theory?

bandura would argue that the knowledge of what happens to the model determines whether or not the observer will help

hornstein

conducted an experiment where people observed a model returning a lost wallet, the model appeared wither pleased to be able to help or displeased at not helping, or no strong reaction those who observed the pleasant condition helped the most and those who observed the negative effect helped the lease

what is the bystander effect?

people are less likely to help in an emergency when they are with others than when they are alone

Latane and Darleys cognitive model

found that very few people intervene when they are in the presence of others

what are the steps in the latane and darleys cognitive model?

attending to what is happening, define event as emergency and assume responsibility, decide what can be done

what is the diffusion of responsibility?

the tendency of an individual to assume that others will take responsibility

what is audience inhibition?

other onlookers may make the individual feel self conscious about taking action people don’t want to feel foolish about by over reacting

social influence?

other people provide a model for action, if its serious they would act

what are the 3 processes contributing to the bystander effect?

diffusion of responsibility

audience inhibition

social influence

when latane and darley carried out their test what was the best condition for helping and what was the worst?

alone was best, Diffusion of responsibility + audience inhibition + social influence

was the worst

what is the bystander calculus model?

piliavin, physiological processes, and labelling the arousal , evaluting the consequences of helping

what is a criticism of the bystander effect?

CCTV recordings lead to people being shown that people do help

what are perceiver centred determinants of helping?

personality, this means that people will help or not help depending on norms or internal locus of control

what are the 3 reasons why people may help or not help in situations according to bierrhoff Klein and kramp?

the norm of social responsibility, internal locus of control, greater dispensational empathy

perciever centered determinants of helping :mood

individuals who feel good are more likely to help someone in need compared to those who feel bad. Holloway found that receiving good news increased peoples willingness to help

perceiver centered determinants of helping: competance

feeling competamt to deal with an emergency makres it more likely to help