A-Z NAVLE Study Guide - Page 60 (Key Terms)

Vocabulary-style flashcards covering the key terms and concepts from NAVLE Page 60 notes.

Red Clover (slaframine) toxicity

Ingestion of parasitized red clover pasture or hay causes excessive salivation due to the slobber-inducing alkaloid slaframine produced by Rhizoctonia leguminicola.

Slaframine (slobber factor)

Alkaloid produced by Rhizoctonia leguminicola in clover; causes profuse salivation, lacrimation, urination, and defecation.

Red Maple toxicity (Acer rubrum)

Ingestion of wilted leaves by horses can cause IMHA with methemoglobinemia, Heinz body anemia, and intravascular hemolysis; may involve kidney problems; methylene blue is not effective.

Methemoglobinemia

Elevated methemoglobin levels causing reduced oxygen delivery; a key feature of red maple poisoning in horses.

Heinz body anemia

Non-immune or oxidative hemolytic anemia characterized by Heinz bodies in red blood cells.

Acute Renal Failure (ARF)

Acute kidney failure with severe metabolic acidosis; glucosuria without hyperglycemia and active urine sediment indicating proximal tubular dysfunction; kidneys may be normal to enlarged.

Chronic Renal Failure (CRF)

Non-regenerative anemia from erythropoietin deficiency; mild to moderate metabolic acidosis; may involve glomerular or tubular disease; kidneys may be enlarged.

Glomerular disease

Proteinuria with inactive urine sediment; hallmark of glomerular disease; progression includes loss of protein, then azotemia, then impaired tubular function.

Tubular disease (proximal tubule dysfunction)

Glucosuria with normal blood glucose and active urine sediment; indicates proximal tubule dysfunction.

Right Dorsal Colitis (horses)

NSAID-associated colitis (often due to phenylbutazone); may not have diarrhea; protein loss; monitor total protein with long-term NSAID use.

Rhipicephalus sanguineus

Brown dog tick; vector for Babesia, Anaplasma, and Ehrlichia.

Rhizoctonia leguminicola

Fungus on clover producing slaframine (slobber factor); causes profuse salivation, lacrimation, urination, and defecation; signs resolve after infected forage is removed.

Rhodococcus equi

Gram-positive coccobacillus causing pyogranulomatous pneumonia and lung abscesses in foals 1–6 months old; transmitted by inhalation or ingestion of contaminated dust; diagnosis by radiographs, TTW/BAL, culture; treated with erythromycin + rifampin; no vaccine.

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF)

Rickettsia rickettsii infection; vector is Dermacentor ticks; clinical signs include fever, anorexia, thrombocytopenia, lymphadenopathy, polyarthritis, abdominal pain, edema, and CNS signs; diagnosis by IFA; treated with tetracycline.

Dermacentor ticks (RMSF vectors)

Ticks such as D. variabilis and D. andersoni that transmit RMSF in various U.S. regions.

Rodents – Mice and Rats

Rodent species mentioned (common in NAVLE notes) as subjects in disease and injury contexts.

Lice and mites in rodents

Ectoparasites affecting rodents; can contribute to pruritus and barbering behavior.

Ringworm in rodents

Fungal infection causing alopecia in rodents; contagious among cage mates.

Porphyrins

Porphyrin pigments in tears causing red tear staining; associated with URT stress, viral or mycoplasma infections, and dirty cages; staining can be worsened by pine or cedar shavings.

Mammary tumors in rats and mice

Rats commonly develop benign mammary fibroadenomas; mice commonly develop malignant mammary adenocarcinomas; mammary glands can be large.

Bacillus piliformis (Tyzzer’s disease)

Etiologic agent of wet tail in hamsters; often fatal; no effective treatment.

Rotavirus

Virus that destroys villous enterocytes in the small intestine; causes diarrhea in piglets.

Rotenone

Insecticide and ascaricide; high doses cause incoordination, tremors, recumbency, and severe outcomes in pigs.