Properties of Life WK 1

Order

Organisms are highly organized structures that consist of one or more cells

Sensitivity/Responding to Stimuli

Organisms respond to diverse stimuli

Adaptation

All living organisms exhibit to “fit” to their environment

Growth and Development

Organisms grow and develop according to specific instructions coded for by their genes

Homeostasis

Even the smallest organisms are complex and require multiple regulatory mechanisms to coordinate internal functions

Energy Processing

All organisms use a source of energy for their metabolic activities

Evolution

The diversity of life on Earth is a result of mutations, or random changes in hereditary material over time.

Hierarchy of Life

Atoms, molecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organs systems, organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere.

Atom

Smallest component of an element that retains all the chemical properties of that element ex. Carbon, hydrogen,water

Made up of protons +, electrons-, neutrons =

Atomic number

Number of protons

Atomic mass

Number of protons + number of neutrons

Isotopes

Different formats of the same element that have the same number of protons, but a different number of neutrons

Ion

And atom does not contain equal numbers of protons and electrons.

Electrons

Exists at energy levels that form shells around the nucleus.

Ionic Bonds

Bonds between ions(charged atoms): one atom gives away an electron and another takes it ex. Na+ and CI - salt

Covalent Bonds

Strongest and most common bond an electron is shared between two atoms.

Nonpolar bonds

Electrons are stared equally

Polar bonds

Electrons are unequally, one side is more negative and the other is more positive.

Hydrogen Bonds

Weak bonds, bonds between water molecules. Slight negatives and positive charges attract each other this gives it interesting properties.

Water

ESSENTIAL FOR LIFE

Chemical bonds within and between weather molecules give it unique properties

Hydrophilic

A substance that readily forms hydrogen bonds with water, it can dissolve in water(sugar)

Hydrophobic

Nonpolar compounds that will not dissolve in water(oils)

Cohesion(stick to itself)

Hydrogen bonds make water molecules cling together.

Adhesion(sticks to other things)

Because it’s polar, water also sticks to charged/polar surfaces.

High heat capacity

Hyde bonds absorb energy before breaking, so water warms and cools slowly.

Ice floats

When water freezes, hydrogen bonds lock molecules into a spread-out structure, making ice less dense than liquid water

Universal solvent

Water’s polarity lets it surround and pull apart(dissolve) many substances

Carbon

Foundational element for life; organic molecules

Carbohydrates

Simple sugars called monosaccharides, energy, energy storage, structural support, cell recognition.

Lipids

Fatty acids and glycerol, fats, oils. Energy storage, insulation, protection, cell membranes, signaling in the body.

Proteins

amino acids, structure, enzymes. Protein shape is critical to its function. Changes in temperature, pH and exposure to chemicals may lead to permanent changes in the shape of protein.

Nucleic Acids

Nucleotides, DNA and RNA, store information, transmit information.