Neuro Autoimmune & Neuromuscular Disorders

Flashcards covering key terms and definitions related to autoimmune and neuromuscular disorders, including multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, and Parkinson's disease.

Multiple Sclerosis

A disease that affects the central nervous system (CNS), causing vision problems, muscle weakness, coordination issues, and potential total loss of function due to immune system attacks on the myelin sheath.

Exacerbation

An increase in the severity of symptoms or signs, particularly referring to the worsening of conditions in multiple sclerosis and myasthenia gravis.

Myasthenia Gravis

An autoimmune disease where antibodies attack impulses to voluntary muscles, leading to weakness, particularly affecting the body core, including the face and respiratory system.

Optic Nerve

A nerve that transmits visual information from the retina to the brain, commonly affected in multiple sclerosis, leading to symptoms like blurry vision and diplopia.

Spasticity

Muscle stiffness and spasms experienced by patients with multiple sclerosis, characterized by involuntary muscle contractions.

Cortical Steroids

Medications used during acute exacerbations of multiple sclerosis to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune response.

Cholinesterase Inhibitors

Medications like Pyridostigmine that strengthen muscles in myasthenia gravis by preventing the breakdown of acetylcholine.

Parkinson's Disease

A neurodegenerative disorder characterized by low dopamine levels, leading to tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia, and postural issues.

Non-Motor Symptoms

Symptoms associated with Parkinson's disease that include sweating, drooling, urinary retention, and depression, which are not related to voluntary movement.

Muscular Dystrophy

A group of diseases that cause progressive weakness and loss of muscle mass due to genetic mutations affecting protein production necessary for healthy muscles.