AP US History Unit 2

Chesapeake Colonies

Colonies of Virginia and Maryland; specialized in tobacco production using indentured servants and slaves as a labor force.

Middle Colonies

Colonies of New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware. Noted for their cultural diversity and prosperous middle class of farmers and merchants.

New England Colonies

Colonies of Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Hampshire. Noted for their democratic town meetings and prosperous economy based around shipbuilding and fishing.

Southern Colonies

The colonies of North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia. Noted for their widespread use of slave labor to produce rice for export.

Salutary Neglect

An English policy of relaxing the enforcement of regulations in its colonies in return for the colonies' continued economic loyalty

Pueblo Revolt

Native American revolt against the Spanish in late 17th century; expelled the Spanish for over 10 years; Spain began to take an accommodating approach to Natives after the revolt

Mercantilism

An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought

Metacom's War (King Philip's War)

Period of bloody conflict between Wampanoag Indians and Puritan settlers in New England (1675-1676); an example of Indian resistance to English expansion in North America.

Enlightenment

A movement in the 18th century that advocated the use of reason in the reappraisal of accepted ideas and social institutions.

Indian trade

Trade conducted between Native Americans and Europeans. Europeans primarily desired furs whereas the Indians wanted European guns, tools, and alcohol.

Rights of Englishmen

Term prevalent in seventeenth-century England and America referring to certain historically established rights, beginning with the rights of the Magna Carta, that all English subjects were understood to have.

Church of England (Anglican Church)

The national church of England, founded by King Henry VIII. It included both Roman Catholic and Protestant ideas.

Lord Baltimore

Founded the colony of Maryland and offered religious freedom to all Christian colonists. He did so because he knew that members of his own religion (Catholicism) would be a minority in the colony.

Virginia Company

English joint-stock company that received a charter from King James I that allowed it to found the Virginia colony.

Massachusetts Bay Company

A group of wealthy Puritans who were granted a royal charter in 1629 to settle in Massachusetts Bay

Roger Williams

A dissenter who clashed with the Massachusetts Puritans over separation of church and state and was banished in 1636, after which he founded the colony of Rhode Island

Anne Hutchinson

A Puritan woman who questioned the religious leadership in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Her actions resulted in her banishment from the colony.

Plymouth Colony

A colony established by the English Pilgrims, or Seperatists, in 1620. Plymouth became part of Massachusetts in 1691.

Salem Witch Trials

Several accusations of witchcraft led to sensational trials in Salem, Massachusetts. 19 people were hanged as witches.

Town meetings

A democratic form of local government in New England.

House of Burgesses

Elected assembly in colonial Virginia, created in 1618.

First Great Awakening

A revival of religious feeling and belief in the American colonies that began in the 1730s.

Glorious Revolution

Revolution in England that established a constitutional monarchy, giving parliament power over the monarchy

Middle Passage

A voyage that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to North America and the West Indies

Chattel Slavery

Absolute legal ownership of another person, including the right to buy or sell that person.

Indentured Servitude

A worker bound by a voluntary agreement to work for a specified period of years often in return for free passage to an overseas destination.

Anglicization

The process of adopting English culture and language in the American colonies

Evangelicalism

Style of Christian ministry that includes much zeal and enthusiasm. Emphasizes personal conversion and faith rather than religious ritual.

Bacon's Rebellion

Rebellion of the lower classes in Virginia. Though the rebellion was crushed, it caused a move from indentured servants to African slaves for labor purposes.

Pequot War

Conflict between English settlers and Pequot Indians over control of land and trade in eastern Connecticut

John Smith

Helped found and govern Jamestown. His leadership and strict discipline helped the Virginia colony get through the difficult first winter.

John Winthrop

Puritan leader who became the first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony.

William Penn

A Quaker who founded Pennsylvania to establish a place where his people and others could live in peace and be free from persecution.

Stono Rebellion

An uprising of slaves in South Carolina in 1739, leading to the tightening of already harsh slave laws. The largest slave uprising in the colonies.

Gullah

A creole language spoken on islands off the coast of South Carolina and Georgia.

Puritans

Protestant sect in England hoping to "purify" the Anglican church of Roman Catholic traces in practice and organization.

Quakers

English dissenters who broke from Church of England and preach a doctrine of pacifism.

Navigation Acts

Laws passed by British parliament to increase colonial dependence on Great Britain for trade.

Constitutional Monarchy

A form of government in which the king retains his position as head of state, while the authority to tax and make new laws resides in an elected body.

Olaudah Equiano

An antislavery activist who wrote a famous account of his enslavement.

Yeoman

An owner and cultivator of a small farm.

Covenant Chain

Alliance formed in the 1670s between the English and the Iroquois nations.

John Locke

17th century English philosopher who opposed the Divine Right of Kings and who asserted that people have a natural right to life, liberty, and property.

Paxton Boys

A mob of Pennsylvania frontiersmen led by the Paxtons who massacred a group of non-hostile Indians.

George Whitefield

English clergyman who was known for his ability to convince many people through his sermons; helped launch the First Great Awakening.