Global Pol. HL - Paper 1 Key Terms

internal sovereignty

the power that a government has within its own territory and the ability to exercise control over its citizens

external sovereignty

the ability of a country to conduct its foreign affairs and make decisions about its relationships with other countries

globalization

the process of interaction and integration among people, companies, and governments worldwide

hard power

the use of military force, economic sanctions, or other coercive measures to influence or control other countries

soft power

the ability to shape the preferences of others through appeal and attraction

sharp power

attempts by one country to manipulate and manage information about itself in another country

smart power

the diplomatic use of military power and persuasion to influence another state

de jure

based on laws

de facto

in realtiy, not in law

legitimacy

the recognition and acceptance of an authority, usually a governing law or a regime

state

a centralized government that imposes and enforces rules over a permanent population within borders

nation

a large body of people united by common descent, history, culture, or language, inhabiting a particular territory.

nation-state

a centralized government ruling over a permanent population with a common identity within a territory

multinational company (MNC)

a company that has business operations in at least one country other than its home country

intergovernmental organization (IGO)

a group created by treaty, involving two or more nations, to work in good faith, on issues of common interest

non-governmental organization (NGO)

a non-profit or for-profit organization that generally is formed independent from government that is formed for a common interest

realism

a theory that believes that:

• states are the main actors in the international relations system

• there is no supranational international authority

• states act in their self-interest

• states want power for security

• the world anarchy and there is always going to be conflict

liberalism

a theory that believes that:

• interdependence between states is needed to end conflict

• states are not the main actors on the global stage

• everyone must abide by international law

• the UN is above everyone

civil society

group of individuals in society that come together to provide aid in social or political problems

terrorism

the intentional use of violence by non-state actors against civilians and government in pursuit of political goals or ideologies to instill fear

interdependence

the mutual reliance between and among groups, organizations, geographic areas, and/or states for access to resources

political parties

an organization that holds similar values about a their state’s society and coordinates candidates to compete in a particular country's elections

rational race theory

rational people will vote for a particular person based on what’s best for them

constructivism

a theory that most of the core concepts in politics are socially constructed, meaning that they are made through social interaction and socially-applied meanings, rather than given inherent, natural value