music theory g5 test prep

semibrevre

whole note

minim

half note (half of whole, ½)

crotchet

quarter note (quarter of crotchet, 1/4)

quaver

8th note (1/8)

semiquaver

16th note 1/16

parts of a note

pairs of quavers/ halfnotes are joined together with a..

beam

quavers joined together with a beam = how mnay count?

1 count

the top number in a time signature shows the

number of beats within a bar

common time = what time signature

4/4 or C

bottom number in time signature shows..

time value of the beat

maximum number of beats in a bar

which beats CANT you beam together in 4/4

2 and 3

how to read bass clef note

• change to treble clef

• ask - what note that would be in treble clef

• up 2 tones

• bass clef note

notes in the spaces of the bass clef can be remember utilising the acronym..

all

cows

eat

grass

notes on the lines of the bass clef can be remember utilising the acronym..

grizzly

bears

dont

fly

airplanes

when a note is ABOVE the middle line, how do you draw the stem

downwards on the left hand side

when a note is BELOW the middle line, how do you draw the stem

right hand side up

notes on the middle line have stems taht can go in..

either direction

how many beats is a dotted crotchet worth in quavers

3 beats

when doubling the time values.. the beats get ___ and the bottom number of the time signature gets ___

beats = longer

number = smaller

when halving the time values. the beats get ___ while the bottom number of the time signature gets ___

beats = shorter

number = larger

what time signature uses quaver beats

3/8

semibreve rest or whole bar rest

minim rest

crochet rest

quaver rest

semi quaver rest

how do you read a triplet note

• hide the last note

• combine first two

• play for combine length

value of the dot after a rest

half of the rest w/o dot

eg dotted minim becomes minim + crotchet

how to group semi quavers and quavers using beams?

• look at bottom number of time signature - 4= crochet, 2= minim..

• based on said note, group the quavers and semi quavers in sets of that until they make up the vlaue of tje bottom time signature

eg

2/4 time signature = all semi quavers and quavers will be grouped in crotchets

what not to do when beaming quavers and semi quavers in 4/4

dont beam notes on beats 2 and 3, keep said notes seperate/ in pairs

when to use a tie

two notes of different values with the

what rest should you use when the hwole bar is silent

semibreve rest

when to use a joint/single rest

when first half or second half of a bar in 2/2 or 4/4 is silent

eg

crochet rests join together and become a minim rest

c major scale key signature

no sharp no flat

key siganture

indictaes the number and which shaprs or flats are included in the piece

define degrees (scale)

notes within said scale

tonic or key note within a scale

starting and end notes of a scale (same note diff pitch - most important)

pattern of tone and semitones for all major scales

TTSTTTS

which degrees are semitones in a major scale

3, 4

7, 8

g major key signature

f#

in a g major scale, which degrees and notes are semi tones

3 and 4 - B and C

7 and 8 - F# and G

D major scale key siganture

F and C sharp

how many accidentals in c major scale

none

accidentals in g major

f sharp

accidentals in D major

f and c sharp

in a d major scale, which degrees and notes are semi tones

3 and 4 - f sharp and g

7 and 8 - c sharp and d

f major key signature

b flat

accidnetals in f major

one - b flat

in a f major scale, which degrees and notes are semi tones

3 and 4 - a and b flat

7 and 8 - e and f

total number of ntes / degrees in a scale

8

how to find key of a piece

• identify al accidentals

• match accidentals with their corresponding key siganture

e flat majro accientals

b, e, a flat

order of accidentals in e flat major

b, e, a flat

b flat major all accidentals

B♭, E♭

b flat major order of accidentals

• Order to write accidentals:
  B♭ → E♭

a maj. accidentals

• Accidentals in the scale:
  F♯, C♯, G♯

a maj. accidental order

• Order to write accidentals:
  F♯ → C♯ → G♯

d maj. accidental order

f then c sharp

d maj accidental number + which accidnental

2

f and c shapr

a maj accidental number + which accidnental

3

FCG sharp

e flat maj total accidental number + whcih accidnetals

3

B E A sharp

b flat maj accidental number + which accidnental

2

b and e flat

order of accidentals in general for flats

zigzag

starting flat - up - down

order of accidentals in general for sharps

starting sharp - down - up

E-flat Major semitones

• 3rd and 4th degrees:

  • 3rd: G

  • 4th: A♭

  • Semitone: G → A♭

• 7th and 8th degrees:

  • 7th: D

  • 8th (Octave): E♭

  • Semitone: D → E♭

B-flat Major semitones

• 3rd and 4th degrees:

  • 3rd: D

  • 4th: E♭

  • Semitone: D → E♭

• 7th and 8th degrees:

  • 7th: A

  • 8th (Octave): B♭

  • Semitone: A → B♭

A Major semi tones

• 3rd and 4th degrees:

  • 3rd: C♯

  • 4th: D

  • Semitone: C♯ → D

• 7th and 8th degrees:

  • 7th: G♯

  • 8th (Octave): A

  • Semitone: G♯ → A

for every major key there is a ___ ___ key

relative minor

a minor relative major

c major

g major relative minor

e minor

f sharp

d minor relative major

f major

b flat

which degree in a harmonic minro scale is always raised by a semi

7th degree

whihc degrees in a harmonc minor are semi tones

2, 3

5,6

7,8

accidentals in e harmonic minor

1

f sharp

d harmonic minor accidentals

1

b flat

in an e harmonic minor scale, which degrees and notes are semitones

Semitone intervals (half steps) occur between:

• 2nd and ♭3rd degrees: F♯ → G

• 5th and ♭6th degrees: B → C

• 7th and 8th (octave) degrees: D♯ → E

in an d harmonic minor scale, which degrees and notes are semitones

Semitone intervals (half steps) occur between:

• 2nd and ♭3rd degrees: E → F

• 5th and ♭6th degrees: A → B♭

• 7th and 8th (octave) degrees: C♯ → D

melodic minor scale pattern ascending

raised 6th and 7th note by a semitone - along with original key

melodic minor scale pattern descending

lowered 7th and 6th note by a semitone - along with original key

when a harmonic minor scale is descending, is the raised 7th kept at raised pitch or lowered by a semitone

kept at raised pitch (by a semitome)

Q1: What interval separates each key on the Circle of Fifths?

A1: A perfect fifth separates each key clockwise on the Circle of Fifths.

Q2: How many sharps does the key of A major have, and which are they?

A2: A major has 3 sharps: F♯, C♯, and G♯.

where are minors written in the circle of 5ths

inner

where are majors written in the circle of 5ths

outter

which direction and side are sharps written in the circle of fiths

right

which direction and side are flats written in the circle of fiths

left

Q5: How do the number of sharps change when moving clockwise around the Circle of Fifths?

A5: Each step clockwise adds one sharp.

Q5: How do the number of flats change when moving counterclockwise around the Circle of Fifths?

adds one flat

in teh circle of fifths, relative minors can be recognised as..

the minor scales within the inner circle, beside the major key

all major scales with sharps - clockwise around circle of fifths - limited to four

all major scales with flats - counterclockwise around circle of fifths - limited to four

sharps in circle of fifths - limited to 4

F, C, G, D

IN THAT ORDER

flats in circle of fifths - limited to 4

BEAD

IN ORDER

acronym to remmeber flats in circle fo fifths - limited to four

BEAD

What does the mnemonic "Fat Boy Eat All Day" help me remember in music theory

The mnemonic "Fat Boy Eat All Day" helps you remember the order of flats in key signatures in music theory.

Specifically, it corresponds to the sequence of flats added as you move counterclockwise around the Circle of Fifths:

• F (Fat)

• B♭ (Boy)

• E♭ (Eat)

• A♭ (All)

• D♭ (Day)

This phrase is a memory aid to recall which flats appear and in what order in flat key signatures. The full order of flats, continuing beyond this mnemonic, is:

B♭ → E♭ → A♭ → D♭ → G♭ → C♭ → F♭

What does the mnemonic "Father Charles Goes Down And Ends Battle" help me remember in music theory

The mnemonic "Father Charles Goes Down And Ends Battle" (or variations like "Father Charles Goes Down And Burns Eggs") is commonly used to help remember the order of sharps in key signatures in music theory.

The sequence it represents is:
F♯ → C♯ → G♯ → D♯ → A♯ → E♯ → B♯

breve note = how many beats

8

breve rest = how many beats

8

a breve equals to __ crochets

8