Anatomical Terms and Planes of Motion - Week 1

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45 Terms

1
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What is anatomy?

The study of body structures and how they relate to each other.

2
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What is physiology?

The study of how the body works and its functions.

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What is the chemical level of the body?

Atoms and molecules that form the basic building blocks of life - letters.

4
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What is the cellular level?

Molecules joined together to form cells - words.

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What is the tissue level?

Groups of similar cells and surrounding material - sentences.

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What is the organ level?

Different tissues working together to form organs - paragraphs.

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What is the system level?

Organs that work together to perform a function (like digestion) - chapters.

8
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What is the organismal level?

A living individual with all systems working together - book.

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What does the skeletal system include?

Bones, cartilage, ligaments, and tendons.

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What does the muscular system do?

Moves the body and maintains posture using skeletal muscles (voluntary).

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What does the nervous system do?

Brain, spinal cord, nerves - generates action potentials (nerve impulses) for regulation of the body.

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What is included in the head/neck region?

Skull, face, and neck muscles.

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What parts are in the upper limbs?

Shoulder, arm, elbow, forearm, wrist, hand, and fingers.

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What is included in the trunk?

Chest, abdomen, pelvis, and back.

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What parts are in the lower limbs?

Thigh, knee, calf, ankle, foot, and toes.

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What is the anatomical position?

Subject is standing facing forward, with arms at sides, and palms and feet facing forwards.

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What is the prone position?

Lying face down.

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What is the supine postion?

Lying face up.

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What does the sagittal plane do?

Divides the body into left and right parts - median is qual and paramedian is unequal.

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What does the frontal (coronal) plane do?

Divides the body into front (anterior) and back (posterior).

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What does the transverse plane do?

Divides the body into upper (superior) and lower (inferior) parts.

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What does superior mean?

Toward the head or upper part.

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What does inferior mean?

Away from the head or lower part.

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What does medial mean?

Closer to the midline.

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What does lateral mean?

Farther from the midline.

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What does proximal mean?

Closer to where a limb attaches to the body (humerus is proximal to radius).

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What does distal mean?

Farther from where a limb attaches to the body (fingers are distal to wrist).

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What does anterior (ventral) mean?

Toward the front.

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What does posterior (dorsal) mean?

Toward the back.

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What does palmar mean?

Front or palm side of the hand.

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What does plantar mean?

Bottom or sole of the foot.

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What does superficial mean?

Toward the surface.

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What does intermediate mean?

Between a superficial and deep structure (bicep is intermediate between skin and bone).

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What does deep mean?

Away from the surface.

35
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What does ipsilateral mean?

On the same side.

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What does contralateral mean?

On the opposite side.

37
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What is an axis in movement?

An invisible line around which a body part moves or rotates.

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What is a plane in movement?

An imaginary flat surface that divides the body.

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How are axes and planes related?

Movements occur in the plane that’s perpendicular (90 degrees) to the axis.

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What movement happens in the medial-lateral (ML) axis?

Through sagittal plane - axis is horizontal through the hips - flexion (bent) and extension (straight) movements - sit ups.

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What movement happens in the superior-inferior (SI) axis?

Through transverse plane - axis is vertical from head to toes - rotation movements - turning head.

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What movement happens in the anterior-posterior (AP) axis?

Through frontal plane - axis is horizontal from belly to back - abduction and adduction movements - jumping jacks.

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What is circumduction?

A circular movement that combines multiple axes (not pure rotation).

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What is inversion of the foot?

Turning the sole of the foot inward.

45
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What is eversion of the foot?

Turning the sole of the foot outward.