Anchor list unit 4

Thomas Jefferson

The third president of the United States, elected in 1800. From the Democratic-Republican Party. He changed his strict constructionist view of the Constitution in order to double the size of the United States with the Louisiana Purchase.

James Madison

The fourth president of the United States, from the Democratic-Republican Party. He was most known for getting America involved in the War of 1812 against the British.

James Monroe

The fifth president of the United States and a Democratic-Republican. He is best known for the Monroe Doctrine which told Europe to stay out of the Western Hemisphere.

Henry Clay

Leader of the Whigs, he was an architect of the American System that emphasized internal improvements, a protective tariff, and the 2nd National Bank. He was known as the Great Compromiser and played a role in the Missouri Compromise, the compromise that ended the Nullification Crises, and the Compromise of 1850.

Andrew Jackson

The 7th president of the United States, he was elected in 1828 and represented the Democratic Party. His time period was known as 'The Age of Jackson'. He was known as a president of the 'common man'. He vetoed the 2nd National Bank, ignored the court case, 'Worcester v. Georgia' and instigated the 'Trail of Tears'. His vice president, John C. Calhoun, stepped down due to the 'Tariff of Abominations' and caused the Nullification Crisis.

John C. Calhoun

An ardent supporter of southern state's rights, he was once Vice-President for Andrew Jackson but resigned over the 'Tariff of Abominations'. He opposed any limitations on slavery.

John Marshall

The fourth Supreme Court Chief Justice of the United States, Marshall expanded the powers of the Federal Government and cemented the separation of powers with cases like Marbury v. Madison, McCulloch v. Maryland, and Gibbons v. Ogden.

Eli Whitney

He is credited with the concept of Interchangeable parts and the invention of the Cotton Gin.

Henry David Thoreau

A leading writer of the Transcendentalist movement (part of the American Romantic movement). He is best known for writing 'Walden' which glorified naturalist living.

William Lloyd Garrison

A leading abolitionist, he published the anti-slavery newspaper, 'The Liberator'. He advocated for the immediate liberation of slaves.

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

She was a leading advocate for women's rights. She was a founder of the Senecan Falls Convention of 1848 and was the primary writer of the 'Declaration of Sentiments' where she called for women's rights, especially the right to vote.

Frederick Douglass

An escaped slave who taught himself how to read and write. He became a leading abolitionist and wrote an autobiography entitled 'The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave.'

Louisiana Purchase

Bought by Jefferson from France for approximately 15 million. This nearly doubled the size of America and made Jefferson change his strict constructionist view of the Constitution.

Marbury v. Madison

John Marshall's decision that established the policy of 'judicial review' that gives the Supreme Court the right to declare laws written by congress to be unconstitutional.

The War of 1812

Often called the second American Revolutionary War. We fought Britain to end impressment and to try and gain land from Canada. Although America is credited as the 'winner' of this war, we really achieved no territorial gains nor the promise from Britain that impressment would end. This initiated an 'Era of Good Feelings' as American nationalism grew.

The Erie Canal

The brainchild of New York governor Dewitt Clinton, the canal connects Lake Erie to the Hudson River.

The American System

An economic program devised by Henry Clay to bolster the economic system of America, including building infrastructure, increasing protective tariffs, and supporting the second Bank of the United States.

The Second Great Awakening

A Protestant religious revival movement based on self-reflection, individualism, and free will, differing from the First Great Awakening which was based on Predestination.

Seneca Falls Convention

The first women's rights convention held in 1848.

The Market Revolution

The process by which America became a market-based economy, connecting the factory-driven East with the agricultural and rural West.

Monroe Doctrine

The proclamation by President Monroe that Europe needs to stay out of the Western Hemisphere.

The Missouri Compromise

An attempt in 1820 to keep slave states and free states balanced, establishing the 36-30 line to divide the Louisiana Territory.

The Cotton Gin

Invented by Eli Whitney, it sped up the process of removing seeds from cotton fiber, making cotton processing quicker and more profitable.

Cult of Domesticity

The idea that a woman's place was at home, seen as a place of pride for middle-class women, stemming from Republican motherhood.

Tariff of Abominations

The term given by southern politicians like John C. Calhoun, who believed the tariff of 1828 hurt the southern economy.

The Nullification Crisis

The crisis that emerged over the tariff of abominations, where John C. Calhoun argued for states' rights to nullify federal laws.

Worcester v. Georgia

A Supreme Court case decision by John Marshall declaring it unconstitutional for the federal government to remove Indians from their land.

Trail of Tears

The forced march of Cherokee Indians over 800 miles to reservation land in present-day Oklahoma, resulting in thousands of deaths due to starvation.

Spoils System

The system initiated by Andrew Jackson to hire loyal party members to important government positions.

Temperance Movement

The movement aimed at ending the sale and consumption of alcohol, often led by middle-class women.

Abolition Movement

The movement to end slavery in America.

American Romanticism

An art movement focusing on individualism, self-reflection, and nature.

Transcendentalism

A literary branch of Romanticism that emphasized nature and human perfectionism, led by Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau.

The Panic of 1819

The first widespread financial crisis resulting from the world economy adjusting after the wars of the French Revolution, with many blaming the Second Bank of the US.