Mirza in Class Cumulative Review

Define suspension

Define suspension

• a liquid dosage form containing finely divided drug particles distributed somewhat uniformly throughout a vehicle in which a drug exhibits a minimum solubility

  OR

• coarse dispersion of finely divided insoluble solid particles in a liquid medium

Define emulsion

• disperse systems consisting of two immiscible liquid phases, one of which (dispersed phase) is dispersed as globules in the other liquid phase (continuous phase)

Main reason that we use suspensions?

for insoluble drugs

Main DLVO forces:

• van der waals

• electrostatic repulsion forces

Is the sedimentation rate of flocculated or deflocculated suspensions higher?

flocculated

Define caking

the formation of a sediment (cake) of irreversibly bound particles at the bottom of the container

What factor increases sedimentation rate?

particle size

What is a binder?

• adhesive materials used to hold powders together

• just know: hold things together

Advantages and Disadvantages of vegetable capsules?

advantage: options for vegans/vegetarians

disadvantage: harder to digest, harder to swallow

What is drug product performance?

the release of the API from the drug product is defined as the drug product performance and depends on both the type of DF and the ROA selected

Which drug product performance tests are performed IN VITRO?

• dissolution

• drug release testing

Which drug product performance tests are performed IN VIVO?

• bioavailability

• bioequivalence

What are effervescent tablets?

• tablets which effervesces (bubbles/fizzes) when in contact with water and liberate drug

• dissolve quickly

• Ex: Alka-seltzer

Why do you use starch?

• binder

• disintegrating agent

• filler in people that are lactose intolerant

Are solid dosage forms invasive or non-invasive?

non-invasive

What percent alcohol is USP alcohol?

94.9% - 96%

Can USP Alcohol be used internally, externally, or both?

both

Preservatives are used to keep things more ___________.

stable

What are the auxiliary labels on emulsions?

shake well before use

Example of surfactants

• tweens

• spans

• polysorbate 80

What is a gel?

• semisolid system in which a liquid phase is within a 3-D polymeric matrix

Examples of gelling agent excipients used for drugs

• CARBOMERS!!!!!!!!!!!!

• poloxamers

• cellulose derivatives

What are compedial requirements of ointments and creams?

• minimum fill

• microbial growth/content

What dosage form is for oozing wounds?

CREAMS!!!!!!!!!!!

If a drug is water soluble and you are preparing an ointment how much water should you use so it doesn’t liquify the drug?

SMALL amount of water

What are occulsive dressings?

• protect from moisture and air

Which ointment is washable?

• when the continuous phase is water = washable

• O/W ointments

Which specific base is best for drug release?

• PEG (water-soluble)

Rank the drug release rate of the different bases from fastest to slowest:

1. water-soluble

2. emulsion base

3. absorption base

4. oleaginous base

Gelation comes after _____________ for gel formation.

hydration

What dosage form does NOT spread on the skin?

a. ointment

b. gels

c. cream

d. paste

d. paste

What is carbomer?

gelling agent

Do creams require preservatives?

yes

The ratio for preparing emulsions using dry gum method:

• a 4:2:1 ratio of oil:water:gum

Be able to perform dry gum method calculations:

Ex: How much oil is used if total amount is 140 mL?

• set up a proportion

• put 7/140 on one side = 4 / x

• solve for x

• x= 80