OVERALL GENPSYCH

Types of Neurotransmitters

1. Adrenaline
2. GABA
3. Noradrenaline
4. Acetylcholine
5. Dopamine
6. Glutamate
7. Serotonin
8. Endorphins

Psychology

old subject but a young science

Psychology

is a social science

Psyche or Brain

the seat of all knowledge and mental processes

Plato

a greek philosopher that defines psyche

Francis Bacon

work centered and experiment, experience and, common sense judgment

Franz Joseph Gall

introduced the theory of phrenology in 1808

Franz Joseph Gall

"traits and abilities reside in certain parts of the brain and measured by bumps and indentations in the skull"

Wilhelm Wundt

established the first psychology laboratory at the University of Leipzig in Germany in 1879

Wilhelm Wundt

he used scientific method to study fundamental psychological processes, such as mental reaction times in response to visual or auditory stimuli

Psychology

study of the soul

Psyche

means breath, spirit or soul

Logia

means study of

Psychology

scientific study of behavior and mental processes

Granville Stanley Hall

1st Ph.D. in Psychology in the US in 1878

Granville Stanley Hall

founded the first psychology research Laboratory in the U.S. and Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland in 1883

Granville Stanley Hall

founded the American Psychological Association (APA)

1926

University of the Philippines Department of Psychology was established within the School of Education where Agustin Alonzo is the chairman

1930s

Department of Psychology at the University of Santo Thomas is established

1932

Sinforoso Padilla organizes the Psychological Clinic at the University of the Philippines

1933

Jesus Perpinan sets up the Far Eastern University Psychological Clinic

1938

Angel de Blas, OP, sets up the Experimental Psychology Laboratory in the University of Santo Thomas

1948

Estefania Aldaba-Lim sets up the Institute of Human Relations at the Philippine Women's University

1954

Joseph Goertz establishes the Psychology Department at the University of San Carlos

1961

Fr. Jaime Bulatao, SJ establishes the Department of Psychology and Central Guidance Bureau at the Ateneo de Manila University

1962

Philippine Psychological Corporation was founded, offering psychological tests in the country

1962

The Psychological Association of the Philippines (PAP) was founded

1963

The PAP holds its first annual convention

1975

Pambansang Samahan ng Sikolohiya was founded by Virgilio Enriquez to champion Filipino Psychology

1987

PAPJA had its first convention

1984

WMSU started offering psychology courses

1996

ADZU started offering psychology courses

Goals of Psychology

1. Describe how people behave
2. Predict what people will do under certain conditions
3. Control/influence behavior through manipulation of its causes

procedures psychology uses to study behavioral and mental phenomena

1. Observations
2. Case Studies
3. Surveys
4. Experimentations

Observations

immersive acquisition of data gathering from a primary source

Types of observation

1. Naturalistic observation
2. Analog observation

Naturalistic Observation

data is collected as they occur in nature without artificial manipulation by the observer

Analog Observation

subject is observed in an artificial setting

Case Study

in-depth examination of a certain case withing a real-world context

Surveys

list of questions to extract certain information from a group of people

Experimentations

procedure carried out to support a hypothesis

Behavior

an observable act - a combination of different types

Types of behavior

1. Overt
2. Covert
3. Voluntary
4. Involuntary
5. Conscious
6. Unconscious

Overt

behavior is explicit and open without instruments or expertise

Covert

Hidden behavior - can only know if it was let known to the world

Voluntary

intentional or willing behavior

Involuntary

done without conscious control; in response to stimuli free from conscious control

Conscious

doer is aware and alert

Unconscious

doer cannot control their actions; most of the time, they're unaware

Mental Process / Mental Function / Mental Cognition

used interchangeably to describe all things that individuals can do with their minds

School of Thoughts

1. Structuralism
2. Functionalism
3. Behaviorism Stimulus-Response
4. Gestaltism Configurationism
5.Humanistic Psychology
6. Psychoanalysis

Edward B. Titchener

identified structuralism

William Wundt

founded structuralism

Structuralism

first major school of thought in psychology

Structuralism

maintains that complex conscious experiences can be broken down into elemental structures or parts of sensations and feelings (structures and/or defines a certain behavior)

William James

introduced functionalism

Carr and James Rowland Angell

main proponents of functionalism

Functionalism

emphasized studying the purpose behaviors and mental experience (looks at the function and purpose of a certain behavior)

John B. Watson

founder and father of behaviorism

Behaviorism

Observing how a certain behavior is acquired and modified in response to environmental influences (Stimulus Response)

Gestaltism

made by Max Wertheimer, Fritz Perls, Wolfgang Kohler and Kurt Koffka (Configurationism)

Gestaltism

- looks at the human mind and behavior as a whole
- concerned with perception
- "the whole is not equal to the sum of its parts"

Humanistic Psychology

an approach to understanding human nature that emphasizes the positive and unique potential of human beings that differentiates them from others for psychological growth and self-direction

Sigmund Freud

Founder of psychoanalysis

Psychoanalysis

that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts and shapes personality and behavior

Nervous System

chief controlling and coordinating system of the human body

100 billion neurons

approximate number of neurons in the brain

Cells in the nervous system

1. Glial Cells
2. Nerve cells/neurons

Glial Cells

support, nourish, and protect neurons (structural support)

Nerve Cells

information-processing cell

Nerve cells

cannot repair or regenerate

Nerve Cells

process electrochemical energy

electrochemical energy

An energy form where minute electrical charges travel through and between neurons with the help of neurotransmitters (chemical substances)

5th to 6th week of pregnancy

what age does the nervous system develop

25 years old

end of development of nervous system

Stages of Neural Development

1. Proliferation
2. Migration
3. Differentiation
4. Synaptogenesis
5. Myelination
6. Synaptic Pruning

Proliferation

Neuron Production

Proliferation

production of neurons from stem cells

Migration

six-layered cerebral cortex is formed via the orderly migration of neurons

Differentiation

formation of distinctive features such as the axon and dendrites by neurons

Synaptogenesis

creation of connections between neurons through the formation of synapses

Synapses

tiny gaps between dendrites and axons of different neurons

Myelination

insulation of axons with a layer of myelin to speed up nerve impulse transmission

Synaptic Pruning

process of removing inefficient synapses based on individual experiences

Types of Neurons

1. afferent
2. efferent
3. interneurons

Afferent Neurons

also called the sensory neurons

Afferent Neurons

carry information to the brain

Efferent Neurons

also called the motor neurons

Efferent Neurons

carries information to different parts of the muscle and glands

Interneurons

connects the afferent and efferent neurons

Parts of a neuron

1. Nucleus
2. Dendrites
3. Axon
4. Soma
5. Myelin Sheath
6. Node of Ranvier
7. Schwann Cell
8. Axon Terminal

Nucleus

contains genetic information (DNA)

Dendrites

receives information from other neurons

Axon

passes messages through its branches to other neurons or to muscles or glands

Soma

where the nucleus lies

Myelin Sheath

insulating fatty layer that covers the axon to transport messages and signals faster

Node of Ranvier

gap between myelin Sheaths to raise the membrane voltage

Schwann Cell

creates the myelin sheath

Axon Terminal

Delivers information and signals (neurotransmitters) to other neurons and converted from electrical signals to chemical signals (connects to dendrites)