pe last test

Long Jump

Objective is to jump the maximum horizontal distance.

Long Jump Course

Consists of the runway

Runway Length

40 metres long.

Take-off Board Width

20 centimetres wide.

Foul Line

The jumper's toe must stay behind the foul line or the jump is a foul.

How Long Jump Distance is Measured

From the edge of the take-off board to the closest mark made in the sand.

Time Limit for a Jump

The jump must be completed within 1 minute after stepping onto the runway.

Maximum Shoe Sole Thickness

13 mm.

Number of Jumps in Major Finals

Athletes receive 6 jumps (3 qualification + 3 final attempts).

Four Phases of Long Jump

Approach run

Approach Run

A sprint to build maximum speed and momentum before take-off.

Elite Long Jump Approach

Usually 20–22 steps.

Penultimate Stride

Second-last stride; longer to lower the centre of gravity.

Final Stride

Shortest stride; prepares the body to move upward.

Ideal Take-off Angle

20 degrees or less.

Correct Foot Position at Take-off

Foot should land flat on the take-off board.

Jumping from the Heel

Causes braking and reduces momentum.

Jumping from the Toes

Destabilises the body and reduces jump distance.

Sail Technique

Legs are lifted immediately after take-off to stay airborne longer.

Hang Technique

Body is stretched fully until the highest point

Hitch-kick Technique

Arms and legs rotate in the air to maintain balance.

Landing Technique

Keep feet extended forward and use arms to keep the body moving forward.

Men's Long Jump World Record

8.95 m.

Men's Long Jump World Record Holder

Mike Powell (USA).

Year of Men's Long Jump World Record

1991.

Women's Long Jump World Record

7.52 m.

Women's Long Jump World Record Holder

Galina Chistyakova (RUS).

Main Aim of Landing in Long Jump

To make the closest mark in the sand as far from the board as possible.

Importance of Sprinting in Long Jump

Helps build speed and momentum for a longer jump.

Javelin Throw

Objective is to throw the javelin the greatest distance.

Men's Javelin Weight

800 grams.

Javelin Length

Approximately 2.5 metres.

Three Main Phases of Javelin Throw

Run-up

Run-up

Picks up speed and builds momentum.

Javelin Position During Run-up

Held above the shoulder with the tip facing forward.

Runway Length for Javelin

30–36.5 metres.

Runway Width for Javelin

4 metres.

Runway Rule

Athletes must stay within the runway during the throw.

Three Javelin Grips

American grip

Straight Run-up

Usually 10–15 sprinting steps.

Crossover Steps

Usually 3–4 steps while turning sideways before throwing.

Purpose of Crossover Steps

Allows the athlete to move into the throwing position.

Final Crossover Step

Slightly longer to shift weight onto the back foot.

Delivery Phase

Begins when the front foot lands and the javelin is released.

Javelin Throw Foul

Crossing the foul line after releasing the javelin.

Importance of Coaching in Javelin

Javelin is highly technical and requires guidance for correct technique.

Men's Olympic Javelin Record

90.57 m.

Men's Olympic Javelin Record Holder

Andreas Thorkildsen (Norway).

Women's Olympic Javelin Record

71.53 m.

Women's Olympic Javelin Record Holder

Osleidys Menendez (Cuba).

Neeraj Chopra's Tokyo Olympic Throw

87.58 m.