ANATOMY: Shoulder AOIN's

Trapezius Upper (Descending Fibers)

Origin: External occipital protuberance; superior nuchal line; nuchal ligament; spinous process of C7

Insertion: Posterior aspect of lateral 1/3 of clavicle; acromion of scapula

Action: Elevates; retracts and upwardly rotates scapula; extends and laterally flexes cervical spine

Nerve: CN 11 (Accessory Nerve)

Trapezius Middle (Transverse Fibers)

Origin: Spinous process of C7-T4

Insertion: Acromion of Scapula

Action: Retracts scapula

Nerve: CN 11 (Accessory Nerve)

Trapezius Lower (Ascending Fibers)

Origin: Spinous process of T5-T12

Insertion: Medial ½ of scapular spine

Action: Depresses, retracts and upwardly rotates the scapula

Nerve: CN 11 (Accessory Nerve)

Levator Scapulae

Origin: Transverse Process of C1-C4

Insertion: Superior angle of scapula; medial border of scapula superior to the scapular spine

Action: Elevates and downwardly rotates the scapula, laterally flexes, and ipsilaterally rotates the cervical spine

Nerve: Dorsal Scapular Spine

Rhomboid Major

Origin: Spinous process of T2-T5

Insertion: Medial border of scapula inferior to the spine of the scapula

Action: Retracts and downwardly rotates the scapula

Nerve: Dorsal Scapular nerve

Rhomboid Minor

Origin: Nuchal ligament; spinous processes of C7-T1

Insertion: Medial border of scapula adjacent to spine of scapula

Action: Retracts and downwardly rotates the scapula

Nerve: Dorsal Scapular nerve

Supraspinatus

Origin: Supraspinous fossa of scapula

Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus and Glenohumeral joint capsule

Action: Abducts and stabilizes arm at GH joint

Nerve: Suprascapular nerve

Infraspinatus

Origin: Infraspinous fossa of scapula

Insertion: Greater tubercule of the humerus and Glenohumeral joint

Action: Externally Rotates; transversly abducts and stabilizes are at GH joint

Nerve: Suprascapular Nerve

Subscapularis

Origin: Subscapular fossa of the scapula

Insertion: Lesser tubercle of humerus and Glenohumeral joint capsule

Action: Internally rotates and stabilizes arm at GH joint

Nerve: Upper and Lower subscapular nerves

Teres Major

Origin: Posterior aspect of the inferior angle of the scapula

Insertion: Crest of the lesser tubercle of the humerus

Action: adducts and internally rotates arm at the GH joint

Nerve: Lower subscapular Nerves

Teres Minor

Origin: Posterior aspect of superior ½ of lateral border of the scapula

Insertion: Greater tubercle of the humerus and Glenohumeral joint capsule

Action: Externally rotates; transversely abducts and stabilizes are at the GH joint

Nerve: Axillary Nerve

Triceps Long Head

Origin: Infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula

Insertion: Olecranon of the ulna

Action: Extends the forearm at the elbow joint; assists shoulder extension and adduction

Nerve: Radial Nerve

Triceps Lateral Head

Origin: Posterior surface of humerus; superior to radial groove

Insertion: Olecranon of the ulna

Action: Extends the forearm at the elbow joint

Nerve: Radial Nerve

Triceps Medial Head

Origin: Posterior surface of humerus; inferior to the radial groove

Insertion: Olecranon of the ulna

Action: Extends forearm at the elbow joint

Nerve: Radial Nerve

Latissimus Dorsi

Origin: Spinous processes of T7-T12; spinous processes of L1-L5 via the thoracolumbar fascia; 9th-12th ribs; iliac crest

Insertion: Floor of bicipital groove of humerus

Action: Adducts; internally rotates; and extends arm at GH joint

Nerve: Thoracodorsal Nerve

Biceps Long Head

Origin: Supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula

Insertion: Radial tuberosity

Action: Flexes forearm at elbow joint; supinates forearm at radioulnar joints; assists shoulder flexion at GH joint

Nerve: Musculocutaneous Nerve

Biceps Short Head

Origin: Apex of coracoid process of scapula

Insertion: Radial tuberosity

Action: Flexes forearm at elbow joint; supinates forearm at radioulnar joint; assists shoulder at GH joint

Nerve: Musculocutaneous Nerve

Coracobrachialis

Origin: Coracoid process of scapula

Insertion: Middle 1/3 of the medial aspect of the humerus

Action: Adducts and flexes are at GH joint

Nerve: Musculocutaneous

Brachialis

Origin: Anterior distal ½ of humerus

Insertion: Coronoid process and tuberosity of the ulna

Action: Flexes the Forearm

Nerve: Musculotaneous Nerve; Radial Nerve

Serratus Anterior

Origin: External surfaces of 1st-9th ribs

Insertion: Medial border of the scapula

Action: Protracts scapula and assists in upward rotation

Nerve: Long Thoracic Nerve

Deltoid Anterior

Origin: Lateral 1/3 of clavicle

Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Action: Flexes and internally rotates arm at the GH joint

Nerve: Axillary

Deltoid Middle

Origin: Acromion of scapula

Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus

Action: Abducts are at GH joint

Nerve: Axillary Nerve

Deltoid Posterior

Origin: Spine of scapula

Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Action: Extends, externally rotates and transversely abducts arm at GH joint

Nerve: Axillary Nerve

Subclavius

Origin: Superior surface of costal end of 1st rib and adjacent 1st costal cartilage

Insertion: Inferior surface of the middle 1/3 of clavicle

Action: Stabilizes clavicle

Nerve: Nerve to subclavius

Pectoralis Major (both heads)

Origin: Clavicular Head: medial ½ of clavicle; Sternal Head: sternum; costal cartilages of ribs 1-6, aponeurosis of external oblique

Insertion: Crest of greater tubercle of humerus

Action: Adducts; internally rotates; and transversely adducts arm at GH joint

Nerve: Medial and Lateral pectoral nerves

Pectoralis Minor

Origin: Anterior ends of 3rd-5th ribs

Insertion: Coracoid process of scapula

Action: Protracts and depresses scapula; assists in downward rotation of scapula

Nerve: Medial and Lateral pectoral nerves