AP CSP Unit 5 Vocabulary

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big data

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43 Terms

1

big data

large amounts of structured and unstructured data that can potentially be mined, examined, and used by organizations.

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2

data processing

converting information that can be understood by a computer.

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3

useable data

data that is capable of being used - i.e., data that has been processed so that it can be analyzed or used in its current form.

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4

useful data

can someone use the data to make predictions, describe some process or solve a problem.

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5

data collection

gathering and measuring information on targeted variables in order to answer questions and evaluate outcomes.

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6

collaboration

working together to facilitate the application of multiple perspectives and diverse talents and skills.

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7

unstructured data

raw data with no connections and/or relationships among data detected - requires more storage space.

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8

structured data

data that is organized in some fashion - utilizes less storage space.

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9

data set

a collection of numbers or values that relate to a particular subject usually portrayed in a relational database table. Example: column header and row contents for test scores for each student.

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10

knowledge extraction

knowledge created from structured relational databases.

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11

relational database

a collection of data organized and retrieved in various ways between database tables.

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12

data vs. information

data are figures and facts while information is data that is processed, interpreted and organized to become meaningful.

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13

data storage

the retention and retrieval of data.

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14

extraction

retrieving or processing data from unstructured data sources for further data processing, storage and/or analysis.

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15

knowledge extraction

knowledge created from structured relational databases.

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16

spiderbot

a virtual robot (program) that visits web sites and reads information to create entries for a search engine index.

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17

unstructured data

raw data with no connections and/or relationships among data detected - requires more storage space.

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18

structured data

data that is organized in some fashion - utilizes less storage space.

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19

screen scraping

extracting information that is formatted for human use and converting it into a format for computer use (example: scanner or pdf converter)

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20

relational database

a collection of data organized and retrieved in various ways between database tables.

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21

generation loss

the loss of quality between copies of data, usually analog formats (copies of copies) - unlike digital data where copies are identical as long as the format and size remains the same.

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22

browser

a computer program used to navigate and search the World Wide Web and display HTML files in a graphical format (example: Google Chrome, Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox)

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23

data vs. information

data are figures and facts while information is data that is processed, interpreted and organized to become meaningful.

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24

data persistence

information that is not often access and rarely modified.

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25

data storage

static storage of various capacities and speed such as CDs', DVD's, flash memory, main memory, cache memory, magnetic tape, etc.

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26

indexing

the specific organization and method of keeping track of data.

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27

filter bubble

limiting a user's perspective by having an algorithm selectively determine what type of information a user would like to see based on past search history and behavior.

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28

privacy concerns

digitization of personal data means your data is now easier to reproduce, share, sell and access.

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29

utility

the measurement of usefulness - example: sharing personal digital data in order to receive something of value in return.

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30

cache

a memory location to store active data temporarily to shorten data access times and reduce latency.

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31

reCAPTCHA

a digital tool used to deter automated form-filling and exploitation of web-based registration systems.

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32

crowdsourcing

obtaining information from a large number of people, either paid or unpaid, voluntary or involuntary.

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33

human computation

using human cognition to provide computational data via techniques such as crowdsourcing.

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34

descriptive analytics

information about collected data using statistics (mean, median, mode, range) which describe circumstances.

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35

predictive analytics

information about future events based on collected and analyzed data.

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36

analytics

information resulting from the systematic analysis of data or statistics.

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37

automated summarization

summarizing data to a simpler state by removing redundant or less significant details.

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38

visualization

the representation of information using a chart, diagram, image, etc.

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39

regression analysis

the forecasting of change through statistical analysis of the strength of the relationship between one dependent variable and other changing independent variables.

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40

metadata

descriptive data about an image, a web page, or other complex objects (data about data)

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41

curation of information

gathering information pertaining to a specific topic.

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42

models

physical or virtual representations of an object.

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43

simulations

test a hypothesis of a situation using a model.

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