AP CSP Unit 5 Vocabulary

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43 Terms

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big data

large amounts of structured and unstructured data that can potentially be mined, examined, and used by organizations.

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data processing

converting information that can be understood by a computer.

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useable data

data that is capable of being used - i.e., data that has been processed so that it can be analyzed or used in its current form.

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useful data

can someone use the data to make predictions, describe some process or solve a problem.

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data collection

gathering and measuring information on targeted variables in order to answer questions and evaluate outcomes.

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collaboration

working together to facilitate the application of multiple perspectives and diverse talents and skills.

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unstructured data

raw data with no connections and/or relationships among data detected - requires more storage space.

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structured data

data that is organized in some fashion - utilizes less storage space.

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data set

a collection of numbers or values that relate to a particular subject usually portrayed in a relational database table. Example: column header and row contents for test scores for each student.

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knowledge extraction

knowledge created from structured relational databases.

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relational database

a collection of data organized and retrieved in various ways between database tables.

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data vs. information

data are figures and facts while information is data that is processed, interpreted and organized to become meaningful.

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data storage

the retention and retrieval of data.

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extraction

retrieving or processing data from unstructured data sources for further data processing, storage and/or analysis.

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knowledge extraction

knowledge created from structured relational databases.

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spiderbot

a virtual robot (program) that visits web sites and reads information to create entries for a search engine index.

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unstructured data

raw data with no connections and/or relationships among data detected - requires more storage space.

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structured data

data that is organized in some fashion - utilizes less storage space.

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screen scraping

extracting information that is formatted for human use and converting it into a format for computer use (example: scanner or pdf converter)

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relational database

a collection of data organized and retrieved in various ways between database tables.

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generation loss

the loss of quality between copies of data, usually analog formats (copies of copies) - unlike digital data where copies are identical as long as the format and size remains the same.

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browser

a computer program used to navigate and search the World Wide Web and display HTML files in a graphical format (example: Google Chrome, Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox)

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data vs. information

data are figures and facts while information is data that is processed, interpreted and organized to become meaningful.

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data persistence

information that is not often access and rarely modified.

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data storage

static storage of various capacities and speed such as CDs', DVD's, flash memory, main memory, cache memory, magnetic tape, etc.

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indexing

the specific organization and method of keeping track of data.

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filter bubble

limiting a user's perspective by having an algorithm selectively determine what type of information a user would like to see based on past search history and behavior.

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privacy concerns

digitization of personal data means your data is now easier to reproduce, share, sell and access.

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utility

the measurement of usefulness - example: sharing personal digital data in order to receive something of value in return.

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cache

a memory location to store active data temporarily to shorten data access times and reduce latency.

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reCAPTCHA

a digital tool used to deter automated form-filling and exploitation of web-based registration systems.

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crowdsourcing

obtaining information from a large number of people, either paid or unpaid, voluntary or involuntary.

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human computation

using human cognition to provide computational data via techniques such as crowdsourcing.

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descriptive analytics

information about collected data using statistics (mean, median, mode, range) which describe circumstances.

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predictive analytics

information about future events based on collected and analyzed data.

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analytics

information resulting from the systematic analysis of data or statistics.

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automated summarization

summarizing data to a simpler state by removing redundant or less significant details.

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visualization

the representation of information using a chart, diagram, image, etc.

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regression analysis

the forecasting of change through statistical analysis of the strength of the relationship between one dependent variable and other changing independent variables.

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metadata

descriptive data about an image, a web page, or other complex objects (data about data)

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curation of information

gathering information pertaining to a specific topic.

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models

physical or virtual representations of an object.

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simulations

test a hypothesis of a situation using a model.