Adaptive Immune Response - Video Notes (Vocabulary)

Vocabulary flashcards covering key concepts, cells, and processes of the adaptive immune system based on the provided notes.

Adaptive Immune Response

The specific immune response targeting one pathogen at a time, involving lymphocytes (B and T cells).

Antigen

Protein markers on the surface of cells and pathogens that help the immune system distinguish familiar from foreign threats.

Macrophage

Innate immune cell that engulfs pathogens and displays their antigens to activate the adaptive immune response.

Helper T-cell

T-cell that activates other immune cells by releasing cytokines and clonally expands.

Cytotoxic T-cell

T-cell that destroys infected cells by releasing perforins to disrupt the cell membrane.

B-cell

Lymphocyte produced in the bone marrow; part of the humoral response that makes antibodies specific to pathogen antigens.

Memory cell

A long‑lived lymphocyte that provides immunity by responding quickly upon re-exposure to a pathogen.

Humoral Immune Response

Antibody-mediated arm of the adaptive immune system using B-cells and antibodies to destroy pathogens.

Cell-Mediated Immune Response

T-cell–mediated arm of the adaptive immune system that targets infected cells and pathogens inside them.

Cytokines

Signaling molecules released by helper T-cells to activate cytotoxic T-cells and B-cells.

Antibody

Proteins produced by B-cells that bind specifically to pathogen antigens, often blocking infection.

Perforin

Protein used by cytotoxic T-cells to perforate the membranes of infected cells.

Antigen Presentation

Process by which macrophages display pathogen antigens to activate helper T-cells.

Thymus

Primary lymphoid organ where T-cells mature.

Bone Marrow

Primary site of B-cell development and maturation.

Lymph Nodes

Sites where immune cells are stored and activated and where lymphocytes interact.

Innate Immune Response

Non-specific first line of defense that includes cells like macrophages.