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UALR, ARHA 2306

40 Terms

1

Romanesque →

An architectural style characterized by semi-circular arches, robust structure, and thick walls, prevalent from around 1050 to 1200.
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2
Tympanum
The semi-circular or triangular decorative wall surface over an entrance, typically featuring relief sculptures.
The semi-circular or triangular decorative wall surface over an entrance, typically featuring relief sculptures.
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3
Vault
An arched form that spans an interior space, used to support the structure above.
An arched form that spans an interior space, used to support the structure above.
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4
Groin Vault
Formed by the intersection of two perpendicular barrel vaults.
Formed by the intersection of two perpendicular barrel vaults.
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5
Buttress
A structure built against a wall to support or reinforce it.
A structure built against a wall to support or reinforce it.
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6

Gothic →

An architectural style that emerged in the late 12th century, characterized by pointed arches, ribbed vaults, and flying buttresses.
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7
Rose Window
A circular window with a symmetrical pattern, often filled with stained glass, found in Gothic cathedrals.
A circular window with a symmetrical pattern, often filled with stained glass, found in Gothic cathedrals.
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8
Flying Buttresses
External supports that transfer the weight of the roof and walls to the ground, allowing for higher and thinner walls and larger windows.
External supports that transfer the weight of the roof and walls to the ground, allowing for higher and thinner walls and larger windows.
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9
Pointed Arches
An arch with a pointed apex, characteristic of Gothic architecture, allowing for greater height and stability.
An arch with a pointed apex, characteristic of Gothic architecture, allowing for greater height and stability.
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10

Renaissance →

A revival of classical learning and wisdom in art and architecture from the 14th to the 17th century.
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11
Lantern
A structure that crowns a dome or roof, allowing light to enter.
A structure that crowns a dome or roof, allowing light to enter.
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12
Stringcourse
A horizontal band or course of stone in a wall, often decorative.
A horizontal band or course of stone in a wall, often decorative.
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13
Quoins
The external angle or corner of a wall, typically accentuated with larger stones.
The external angle or corner of a wall, typically accentuated with larger stones.
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14

Islamic Architecture →

Architecture that is characteristic of Islamic culture, often featuring domes, arches, and intricate tile work.
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15
Mosque
A place of worship in Islam.
A place of worship in Islam.
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16
Qibla
The direction Muslims face during prayer, towards the Kaaba in Mecca.
The direction Muslims face during prayer, towards the Kaaba in Mecca.
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17
Mihrab
A niche in the wall of a mosque that indicates the qibla.
A niche in the wall of a mosque that indicates the qibla.
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18
Minbar
A pulpit in a mosque from which the sermon is delivered.
A pulpit in a mosque from which the sermon is delivered.
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19
Minaret
A tall tower attached to a mosque, used for calling the faithful to prayer.
A tall tower attached to a mosque, used for calling the faithful to prayer.
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20
Iwan
A vaulted space or hall that is typically open at one end, common in Islamic architecture.
A vaulted space or hall that is typically open at one end, common in Islamic architecture.
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21
Kaaba
The sacred cube-shaped structure located in Mecca, towards which Muslims pray.
The sacred cube-shaped structure located in Mecca, towards which Muslims pray.
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22
Muqarnas
A form of ornamented vaulting in Islamic architecture, also referred to as a honeycomb vault.
A form of ornamented vaulting in Islamic architecture, also referred to as a honeycomb vault.
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23

Mughal Empire

An empire in the Indian subcontinent known for its significant contributions to architecture, including the Taj Mahal.
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24
Andes
A major mountain range in South America, significant for various pre-Columbian civilizations.
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25
Chavin de Huantar
An archaeological site in Peru known for its distinct architectural styles and rituals.
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26
Contour Rivalry
An artistic technique where different patterns or shapes interact visually, creating a sense of depth or movement.
An artistic technique where different patterns or shapes interact visually, creating a sense of depth or movement.
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27

Inka→

A civilization in South America noted for its advanced engineering and architecture.
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28
Machu Picchu
An ancient Incan city located in the Andes of Peru, renowned for its sophisticated dry-stone construction.
An ancient Incan city located in the Andes of Peru, renowned for its sophisticated dry-stone construction.
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29

MesoAmerica→

A region extending from central Mexico to northern Central America known for its indigenous civilizations.
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30
Teotihuacan
An ancient Mesoamerican city known for its large pyramids and city planning.
An ancient Mesoamerican city known for its large pyramids and city planning.
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31
Yaxchilan
An ancient Maya city located on the banks of the Usumacinta River in modern-day Chiapas, Mexico.
An ancient Maya city located on the banks of the Usumacinta River in modern-day Chiapas, Mexico.
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32
Chichen Itza
A large pre-Columbian archaeological site built by the Maya civilization.
A large pre-Columbian archaeological site built by the Maya civilization.
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33

Native North America→

Indigenous cultures and societies found across the North American continent.
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34

Ancestral Pueblo

A Native American culture known for its unique dwellings built into cliff sides and canyons, where the original Native Americans resided.

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35
Chaco Canyon
A major center of Ancestral Puebloan culture in northwestern New Mexico, known for its large stone buildings.
A major center of Ancestral Puebloan culture in northwestern New Mexico, known for its large stone buildings.
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36
Mesa Verde
A region famous for its well-preserved cliff dwellings of the Ancestral Puebloans.
A region famous for its well-preserved cliff dwellings of the Ancestral Puebloans.
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37
Kiva
A ceremonial structure used by Pueblo peoples, often round and sunken.
A ceremonial structure used by Pueblo peoples, often round and sunken.
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38
Sipapu
A small hole or indentation in a kiva floor, symbolizing the place of emergence for the Pueblo peoples.
A small hole or indentation in a kiva floor, symbolizing the place of emergence for the Pueblo peoples.
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39

Plank Houses →

Traditional wooden houses of the Pacific Northwest indigenous peoples.
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40
Form-line Style
An artistic style characterized by the use of bold and flowing lines to delineate forms, commonly found in Native American art.
An artistic style characterized by the use of bold and flowing lines to delineate forms, commonly found in Native American art.
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