HHD Unit 4 AOS 2

SDG 3: Good Health and Wellbeing

: ensure healthy lives and promote wellbeing for all at all ages. Aims to promote physical, mental HWB and extended life expectancy by addressing the major cause of morbidity and mortality in low-, middle- and high-income countries

KF SDG 3

• reduce maternal mortality

• reduce premature mortality from non-communicable diseases

• end preventable deaths of newborns and children under 5

• end epidemics of communicable diseases (AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and NTDs)

SDG 1: No poverty

: end poverty in all its forms everywhere. It’s about taking action to end poverty and inequality within and among countries

SDG 1 KF

• ending extreme poverty

• reduce proportion of men, women and children in poverty by half

• implement social security systems

SDG 2: Zero hunger

: end hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture. aims to end all forms of hunger and malnutrition by promoting sustainable agriculture

SDG 2 KF

• end all forms of malnutrition

• end hunger and ensure access to safe, nutritious and sufficient foods

• increase investments in agriculture

SDG 4: Quality Education

: ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all. It addresses the need for all children to have equal access to high quality education at all levels.

SDG 4 KF

• all children have equal access to high quality education at all levels

• ensure all youth and adults have have adequate literacy and numeracy skills

• ensure all children have access to early childhood development, care, and pre-primary education

SDG 5: Gender Equality

: achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls. It seeks to end discrimination and violence against women and girls.

SDG 5 KF

• end all forms of discrimination against women and girls

• end all forms of violence against women and girls including human trafficking

• ensure women have control over their sexual and reproductive health

SDG 6: Clean water and sanitation

: ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all. It’s about ensuring that all people can access clean water and adequate sanitation.

SDG 6 KF

• ensure everyone has access to safe, affordable drinking water, sanitation and hygiene

• improve water quality by reducing pollution

• use water efficiently and sustainably

SDG 12: Responsible consumption and production

: ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns… in order to sustain the livelihoods of current and future generations.

SDG 12 KF

• make efficient use of our natural resources

• reduce food waste

• reduce waste and increase recycling

Overall WHO goal

to promote, provide, and protect health and wellbeing for all people, everywhere

WHO goal 1

Promote health (promote healthier populations) - 6 billion people will enjoy healthy lives

WHO goal 1 objectives (focused on achieving SDG 3)

1. respond to climate change (rising health threat)

2. address health determinants and main causes of ill health

focus on violence and injury (NCD) or poor nutrition or CD

WHO goal 2

Provide health (achieve universal health coverage) - 5 billion people will benefit from UHC

WHO goal 2 objectives

3. advance primary health care and essential health system capacities for UHC (ensures all countries have strong health systems)

4. improve health service coverage and financial protection to address inequity/gender inequalities (ensuring that healthcare is provided and is affordable for all)

WHO goal 3 (relates to SDG 3 target: strengthening capacity for early warning risk reduction and management of health-related risks)

Protect health (address health emergencies) - 7 billion people will be better protected from HE

WHO goal 3 objectives

5. prevent, mitigate and prepare for risks to health from all hazards (equip countries better by building resilient health systems)

6. rapidly detect and sustain an effective response to all health emergencies

aid

as assistance given to countries or communities in the event of a crisis or for the development of long-term sustainable improvements.

bilateral aid

Aid that is given government to another country’s government

bilateral aid examples

• provision of smaller projects such as immunisation programs

• provision of larger projects like regional development schemes such as a water treatment plan

multilateral aid

Aid that is provided through international organisations, such as the World Bank, United Nations (UN) or (WHO). It combines donations from several countries and then distributes the, to the recipients.

multilateral aid examples

supports global issues

• provision of funding for transnational issues like global warming, control of disease

• provision of large infrastructure projects like building sanitation systems

NGO

organisations which operate separately from governments that work to promote health and wellbeing and human development (but many of these agencies rely on funding from the Australian government, as well as through funds generated from public donations)

NGO aid

aid provided by NGOs

NGO aid examples

• World Vision, Oxfam, International Red Cross

• can provide aid by

  • running development projects/small community-based projects which are more targetted

Humanitarian assistance

rapid assistance given to people or countries in immediate distress to relieve suffering during and after emergencies such as conflict and natural disasters, like floods or earthquakes.

Humanitarian assistance examples

• provision of food, water, medicine, shelter

• involvement of health professionals or emergency workers from other countries/aid organisations

pros and cons of bilateral aid

pros

• can help reduce poverty and bring out long-term SD

• helps recipient country’s governments strengthen their economic, health and education systems (helping them become more self-sufficient)

cons

• by providing goods and services, their economy and political interests become favourable

• recipient country may use funds for things other than intended purpose

pros and cons of multilateral aid

pros

• less tied to political interests, allowing for efficient addressing of global issues

• increased efficiency through pooled resources

cons

• has high administrative costs, leading to less money being spent on addressing global issues

• recipient countries can use money wrong

pros and cons of NGO aid

pros

• focuses on specific needs of a community (small projects)

• can access areas that other forms of aid can’t

• creates strong connection with communities which establishes trust

cons

• communities may start to depend on aid, hindering their ability to become self-sufficient

Aus aid goal

aim to reduce poverty and promote a peaceful, stable and prosperous Indo-Pacific region, which is based on achieving sustainable development

Aus aid bilateral examples

• works with PNG gov to enhance health by

  • targeting maternal and child health

  • or addressing CD

• provision of free essential healthcare to the poorest 20% of Cambodians

Aus aid multilateral examples

• The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (SDG specific aid program)

• Almost one-third of Australia’s aid budget is allocated to multilateral aid. provides funds to organisations like WHO, UN, WB…

Aus aid NGO examples

• Action to achieve the SDGs is also reflected in the aid provided to NGOs that deliver programs directly to people in need

• programs focus on reducing poverty, improving water and sanitation

why partnerships?

• maximises impact and influence of development activities

• avoid duplications of programs

• learn from each partnership

types of partnerships

• bilateral partnerships - works tgt to improve delivery, impact and sustainability of aid

• multilateral agencies - working w ML agencies extends aus aid

• universities - DFAT works to provide scholarships to kids in LIC and MIC, returning w better knowledge and skills to bring about change

• local communities - allows local people to have a say on particular things that affect them

aus aid manager

department of foreign affairs and trade (DFAT)

outcomes of effective aid

1.       Reduce poverty and inequality in low- and middle-income countries

2.       Move towards a more equal and stable global system

3.       Help achieve the SDGs

features effective aid - ownership of recipient country

Programs need to be culturally sensitive and fit the long-term needs and plans of the recipient country.

ownership of recipient country example

Delivering messages in local languages and using visual aids for those who are illiterate demonstrates an understanding of the community

features effective aid - focusing on achieving the right outcomes

Programs need to focus on addressing poverty, reducing gender inequality and promoting HWB and HD.

focusing on achieving the right outcomes example

focusing on women and education - When women are educated and empowered, they are better able to care for their children, secure well-paid employment or set up a business that provides a regular income.

features effective aid - partnership and collaboration

Government, non-government bodies and local communities need to work together to implement effective programs that use local resources to enable communities to build skills and knowledge

partnership and collaboration example

Focusing on education builds the capacity of the community by training locals to develop the necessary knowledge and skills needed to ensure the program is socially and economically sustainable once outside assistance finishes.

features effective aid - monitoring and evaluation

Programs need to be monitored regularly to ensure funding is used for its intended purpose and information is published and openly available.

individual action

change starts with individuals - the choices people make can have an impact on society

social action

collective action to do something to help being about positive change

individual action - from the couch

• turn lights off

• drink tap water rather than bottled water

• save electricity by turning off appliances when not in use

individual action - at home

• take short showers to save water

• let hair and clothes dry naturally

• compost food scraps to reduce climate impact

individual action - at work

• speak up against any form of discrimination

• stay informed and talk about global issues with others

• encourage workplace to use efficient heating and cooling

individual action - in community

• buy ‘funny fruit’

• walk, bike, or take PT

• donate what you no longer use

social action examples

• volunteering

• donating money to NGOs

• sign petitions

• conduct fundraising events

social enterprises and purchasing power aim

raise awareness of injustices in the world and use social action to make changes

who gives a crap