Decision Making Flashcards

Flashcards based on Decision Making lecture notes.

Which theories are related to decision making?

dual process theory

bounded rationality

cognitive and affective biases.

What might influence our views and beliefs?

Family, friends, popular culture, religion, personal experience, education, authority figures.

What are the three main ethical theories discussed?

Virtue ethics, consequentialism, and deontology.

What is virtue ethics?

Emphasis on what kind of person one ought to be, your character.

What is consequentialism?

A morally good act is the one which produces a good outcome.

Not rule based.

What is utilitarianism?

The greatest amount of pleasure for the greatest number of people.

What is egoism?

One should take the option which benefits their own self-interest.

What is ethical altruism?

One takes the action that benefits others, but not themselves.

What is deontology?

There are moral rules we should follow. Moral obligations are derived from pure reason.Duty-based, it is wrong to lie.

What is the categorical imperative?

one should act according to maxims that can be universally applied as a law.

What are the steps for exercising professional judgement?

1. Identify the ethical dilemma or professional issue.

2. Gather all the relevant information and research the problem

3. Identify all the possible solutions.

4. Weigh up the benefits and risks of each option.

5. Choose an option – ensuring you can justify the decision.

6. Record the decision making process.

Confirmation Bias(Post-hoc rationalisation)

A type of motivated reasoning

We search out information (system 2) that supports what we already think (system 1), and reject information that doesn’t

Axiology

the study of value

Financial, Sentimental ,Scientific ,Historical, Aesthetic ,Cultural

The Socratic method

is a form of cooperative argumentative dialogue that stimulates critical thinking and draws out ideas and underlying presuppositions through questioning.

Ad Hominem attacks

involves attacking the person making an argument rather than the argument itself.

Appeal to emotion

manipulates people's emotions to win an argument

Straw man fallacy

is a form of argument that misrepresents an opponent's position to make it easier to attack or refute.

Gambler’s fallacy

is the belief that past random events influence future random events, causing individuals to wrongly assess

Hasty generalisation

jumping to conclusions