Unit 2: Levels of Processing Model

Unit 2: Cognition - Levels of Processing Model

Levels of Processing Model

Proposes that memory is encoded on three levels from shallowest to deepest (Long-Term Memory)

• includes 3 levels

  • Structural, Phonemic, & Semantic Processing

Structural (1st Level)

this involves encoding based on APPEARANCE

• S for SIGHT

• Shallowest Level

Phonemic Processing (2nd Level)

involves encoding based on SOUND. This could involve MAINTENANCE Rehearsal (repeating info. over and over again)

• ex. Remembering w/ rhymes

• The 100 digits of Pi song

• P for PHONE (listening to a phone call)

Semantic Processing (3rd Level)

involves encoding based on MEANING. This could involve ELABORATIVE Rehearsal (rehearsing info. in ways that create meaningful connections)

• ex. questioning something, applying concepts to your life, pnumonics

Retrospective Memory

When the content to be remembered is in the PAST

• memories from the PAST

• RETRO for OLD

Prospective Memory

When the content is to be remembered in the future (such as remembering to do something)

• ex. thinking about future plans (appointments), remembering to cancel subscriptions, etc.

• PRO for PROCEED

Metacognition

active control & awareness of our own thought processes, including acquisition & retrieval of information

• ex. knowing which memory strategies work best for you or study methods

• “THINKING about THINKING”