bio 142 ch 27 part 5

function of vagina

take penis

carry urine secretion

open incase pregnancy

3 layers of vagina

mucosal

muscular

fibrous

mucosal of vagina

inner

stratified squamous

musuclar layer of vagina

middle

smooth tissue

band of skeletal

fibrous layer of vagina

outer

connective tissue

elastic fiber

3 parts of uterus

fundus

body

cervix

fundus

superior most portion of the uterus

Corpus (body)

main portion of the uterus and contains the uterine cavity where an embryo implants and grows.

cervix

inferior most portion of the uterus

1. Name the layers of the uterus.

endometrium

myometrium

perimetrium

endometrium

inner

simple columnar

glands

vasculature thickness

myometrium

middle

smooth muscle

push baby

permetroum

serous membrane

serous fluid

outer

What is the fornix?

recess or pocket formed in the upper vagina surrounding the protruding end of the cervix

What occurs to the smooth muscle in the female reproductive system during orgasm?

involuntary contractions occur in the smooth muscle of the uterus,

what is estrogen production controlled by

hypothalamus

what does hypothalamus make

Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)

what does Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) target

anterior pituitary gland

when GnRH targets ANterior pituitary gland this causes what?

to make Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH) (hormones).

what does fsh and lh target

ovaries to release estrogen

what do high levels of estrogen inhibit

anterior pituitary gland and hypothalamus to prevent overproduction

Effects of Estrogen

Promotes breast development, fat deposition in the hips and thighs, and widening of the pelvis.

enlargement and maturation of the primary reproductive organs (ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, and vagina).

Causes the lining of the uterus to thicken

Stimulates osteoblast activity (bone growth)

Rising levels of FSH stimulate the development of

follicles (or primary follicles) within the ovary.

As the follicles become larger, the cells within them increase their production?

estrogen

around day 14 what does the anterior piutitary gland produce

large amount of LH

The increase of LH causes what stage?

ovulation

empty follicles become what?

corpus luteum

empty corpus luteum secrete?

large amounts of progesterone and estrogen.

estrogen does

thickens uterine wall

progesterone does what

causes uterine to become more vascular and glandular.

High levels of estrogen inhibit the anterior pituitary gland and the production of FSH and LH. This ensures

no new follicles

f the released secondary oocyte is not fertilized

corpus luteum will transition to a corpus albicans around day 24 (or days 24–26).

the transition from luteum to albicans causes what

rapid drop in estrogen and progesterone

The blood vessels in the endometrium constricting causes what

tissue to die and shed on 1-5 dats

Without estrogen and progesterone (hormones) to inhibit the anterior pituitary gland,

podction of FSH and LH begin and cycle restarts

why do females go through the reproductive cycle and not produce eggs constant

uterus needs new start

needs safe space so multiple eggs can cause multiple pregnancys

1. When does menopause normally occur?

40-50’s

1. What happens to hormone levels during menopause?

Estrogen drops sharply

Progesterone drops to near zero:

1. What are the symptoms of menopause?

less fat

shrink reproductive organs

migraines

less bone strength

back ache

What hormone stimulates development of the breast?

estrogen

alveoli →

alveolar duct

alveolar duct →

lactiferous ducts →

lactiferous ducts →

lactiferous sinus

How many chromosomes does a secondary oocyte have?

23

The theca interna secretes steroids while the theca externa is mostly connective tissue that encapsulates the follicle.

true or flase

true

Which of the following hormones is primarily responsible for maintaining pregnancy?

progesterone

What is the layer of granulosa cells called that surrounds an oocyte within a tertiary follicle? (they are released with the oocyte during ovulation)

corona radiata

The follicle that has just released an egg transitions into a fatty structure called the corpus

luteum

The sloughing of the uterus is caused by

a drop in progesterone as the corpus luteum dies