Module 4 defintions

Acids

substances that produce hydrogen ions in aqueous solutions; proton donors

Bases

substances that produce hydroxide ions in aqueous solutions; proton acceptors

Binary compounds

a two-element compound

Binary ionic compound

a two-element compound consisting of a cation and anion

Chemical equation

a representation of a chemical reaction showing the relative numbers of reactant and product molecules

Chemical reaction

a process in which one or more substances are changed into one or more new substances by the reorganization of component atoms

Complete ionic equation

an equation that shows as ions all substances that are strong electrolytes

Insoluble solid

a solid where such a tiny amount of it dissolved I water that it is undetectable by the human eye

Molecular equation

an equation representing a rection in solution and showing the reactants and products in undissociated form, whether they are strong or weak electrolytes

Net ionic equation

an equation for a reaction in solution, representing strong electrolytes as ions and showing only those components that are directly involved in the chemical change

Oxyanions

a polyatomic ion containing at least one oxygen atom and one or more atoms of at least one other element

Oxidation

a loss of electrons; an increase in oxidation state

Oxidation-reduction reaction/Redox reactions

reactions in which 1 or more electrons are transferred

Oxidation states/oxidation numbers

a concept that provides a way to keep track of electron in oxidation-reduction reaction according to certain roles

Oxidizing agent/electron acceptor

a reactant that accepts electrons from another reactant

Polyatomic ions

an ion containing a number of atoms

Precipitation reaction

A reaction in which an insoluble substance forms and separates from the solution as a solid

Products

substances that result from chemical reactions. They are shown to the right of the arrow in a chemical equation

Reactants

starting substances in a chemical reaction. They appear to the left of the arrow in a chemical equation

Reducing agent/electron donor

A reactant that donates electrons to another substance, reducing the oxidations state of 1 of its own atoms

Reduction

a gain in electrons; a decrease in oxidation state

Salts

ionic compounds

Slightly soluble solid

functionally the same as insoluble (for this unit) such a tiny amount dissolves that it is not possible to detect it with the naked eye

Soluble solid

a solid that readily dissolves in water

Spectator ions

ions present in solution that do not participate directly in a reaction

Strong acid

an acid that completely dissociates (ionizes) to produce H+ ion and the conjugate base

Strong base

a metal hydroxide compound that completely dissociates into its ions in water

Strong electrolyte

a material that, when dissolved in water, gives a solution that conducts an electric current very efficiently