Chapter 1 - economic sectors and employment

What are the four main economic sectors?

Primary - extracting raw materials

Secondary - manufacturing goods

Tertiary - providing services

Quaternary - knowledge - based services

What is employment strucutre?

The % of people employed in each economic sector in a country or region

What does a high % of primary sector jobs indicate about a country?

It is likely a developing country, with low technology and reliance on agriculture

What are some reasons for the decline in primary sector jobs in developed countries?

Mechanisation of agriculture

Resource depletion

Global shift to cheaper labour in LIC’s

Environmental policies limiting extraction

What causes growth in the tertiary and quaternary sectors?

Rising incomes and demand for services

Advances in technology

Globalisation and improved education

Growth of information economies

What is economic development?

The improvement in living standards, income levels, education, and infrastrucutre in a country

How does employment structure change as a country develops?

Fewer people in the primary sector

Growth in secondary

Major growth in tertiary and quaternary sectors

Give an example of a country with a large secondary sector and explain why

China - industrialisation , cheap labour and investment in manufacturing

What is de- industrialisation?

The decline in manufacturing industries in developed countries, often replaced by service industries

What is the informal sector?

Unofficial jobs that are not taxed or regulated by the government, often seen in LICs

Why is the informal sector important in LICs?

Provides income when formal jobs are scarce

Requires little education or capital

Absorbs large numbers of urban migrants

Name some factors that affect the location of economic activity

Physical factors: climate, raw materials, water supply

Human factors: labour availability, transport links, market access, government policies

What is globalisation and how does it affect employment structures?

Globalisation is the increasing interconnectedness of the world. It leads to outsourcing of secondary jobs and growth in global services like finance and IT.

What does the Clark - Fishes model show?

The changing proportions of employment in different sectors as a country develops from pre - industrial to post - industrial stages