BIOL 4071: Lecture 2

0.0(0)
Studied by 0 people
call kaiCall Kai
Locked
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
GameKnowt Play
Card Sorting

1/9

encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no tags are added yet.

Last updated 1:12 PM on 9/18/26
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced
Call with Kai
Chat

No analytics yet

Send a link to your students to track their progress

10 Terms

1
New cards

Archaopteryx

  • existed ~150 MYA along with other non-avian dinosaurs

    • Jurassic period


<ul><li><p>existed ~150 MYA along with other non-avian dinosaurs </p><ul><li><p>Jurassic period</p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
2
New cards

Compsognathus

  • theropod, non-avian carnivorous raptor

  • bird-like qualities

    • long neck

    • bipedal

    • three toes

    • feather filaments

    • furcula

  • not a bird!

    • short arms, not wings

    • teeth

    • forward pointing pubis


<ul><li><p>theropod, non-avian carnivorous raptor</p></li><li><p>bird-like qualities</p><ul><li><p>long neck </p></li><li><p>bipedal</p></li><li><p>three toes</p></li><li><p>feather filaments</p></li><li><p>furcula</p></li></ul></li><li><p>not a bird!</p><ul><li><p>short arms, not wings</p></li><li><p>teeth</p></li><li><p>forward pointing pubis</p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
3
New cards

Deinonychus

  • feathered Theropod which had a unique joint in its hands which allowed them to move side-to-side rather than up and down, which is what allows modern birds to fold their wings


<ul><li><p>feathered Theropod which had a unique joint in its hands which allowed them to move side-to-side rather than up and down, which is what allows modern birds to fold their wings </p></li></ul><p></p>
4
New cards

Ichthyornis

  • late Cretaceous

    • 95 MYA

  • definitely an aquatic, gull-like bird

  • no claws on wings

  • teeth present


<ul><li><p>late Cretaceous</p><ul><li><p>95 MYA</p></li></ul></li><li><p>definitely an aquatic, gull-like bird</p></li><li><p>no claws on wings</p></li><li><p>teeth present</p></li></ul><p></p>
5
New cards

Hesperornis

  • aquatic loon-like bird

  • no claws on wings

  • teeth present


<ul><li><p>aquatic loon-like bird </p></li><li><p>no claws on wings</p></li><li><p>teeth present</p></li></ul><p></p>
6
New cards

Jurassic/Cretaceous study of birds

  • from the analysis of jurassic/cretaceous speciments scientists began to see how birds gradually acquired their curved necks, their two-legged stance, three toes, modified arms with feathers, as well as a loss of claws and long tails


7
New cards

Ornithurines

  • group of early, Mesozoic birds (name meaning ‘bird tail’)

  • short tail, unlike the long bony tail of Archaeopteryx

  • could fly, but mostly aquatic and tended to live on the ground along shorelines, not inland forests like Archaeopteryx

  • did not have adaptations associated with perching, like curved foot claws, but had webbed or widened toes

  • still had teeth


<ul><li><p>group of early, Mesozoic birds (name meaning ‘bird tail’)</p></li><li><p>short tail, unlike the long bony tail of Archaeopteryx</p></li><li><p>could fly, but mostly aquatic and tended to live on the ground along shorelines, not inland forests like Archaeopteryx</p></li><li><p>did not have adaptations associated with perching, like curved foot claws, but had webbed or widened toes </p></li><li><p>still had teeth </p></li></ul><p></p>
8
New cards

Enantiornithines

  • early cretaceous ~120 MYA

    • preceded the Ornithurines

  • most diverse group of Mesozoic birds, filling the same niches that modern birds exploit

  • had teeth

  • had clawed fingers on wings

  • short tail (pygostyle)

  • curved, perching like claws on feet

    • similar to those of modern perching birds

  • looked like todays birds


<ul><li><p>early cretaceous ~120 MYA</p><ul><li><p>preceded the Ornithurines</p></li></ul></li><li><p>most diverse group of Mesozoic birds, filling the same niches that modern birds exploit</p></li><li><p>had teeth </p></li><li><p>had clawed fingers on wings</p></li><li><p>short tail (pygostyle)</p></li><li><p>curved, perching like claws on feet</p><ul><li><p>similar to those of modern perching birds</p></li></ul></li><li><p>looked like todays birds</p></li></ul><p></p>
9
New cards

Enantiornithines

  • “opposite birds”

  • early cretaceous

    • ~120 MYA

  • included:

    • bohiaornis

    • longipteryx

  • perching, tree dwelling, clawed fingers on wings, teeth, blunt rear-ends sometimes just had 2 long ribbon like feathers

    • these traits indicated that Enantiornithines belonged to an earlier lineage than that of Hesperornis, Ichthyornis, and other Orniturines, but one that was lacking the long bony tails of Archaeopteryx


10
New cards

Confuciosornis

  • early cretaceous

    • ~120 MYA

  • more advanced than Archaeopteryx, but had both ancestral and derived traits

    • clawed hands

    • shoulder bones could not rise above head, so wings were for gliding

    • breastbone with small keel

    • pygostyle

    • no teeth