Unit 10: CyberSecurity & Global Impact

Open standards are...

* Publicly available
* Produced collaboratively
* Not dominated by any one interest group
* Not for profit and available free of charge or at a small cost
* Sufficiently detailed to allow interoperability between the developers that use them.

trust model

The type of trust relationship that can exist between individuals or entities.

Cybersecurity

Measures taken to protect a computer or computer system against unauthorized access or attack

cyber warfare

software attacks against countries' computer systems controlling defense and other strategic operations

DDoS Attack

Distributed Denial of Service Attack. Typically a virus installed on many computers (thousands) activate at the same time and flood a target with traffic to the point the server becomes overwhelmed.

Phishing Scam

Spoofed email and website in order to trick a person into providing private information

computer viruses

destroy stored data

Firewall

(computing) a security system consisting of a combination of hardware and software that limits the exposure of a computer or computer network to attack from crackers

Cryptography

The study and use of techniques for securing communication.

Symmetric Encryption

the same key is used to encode and decode

Public Key Encryption

uses two keys: a public key that everyone can have and a private key for only the recipient

Certificate Authorities

Used by many websites for encryption to protect files and information that is transmitted over the Internet. They issue certificates to verify the identity of a user or computer.

digital certificate

a notice that guarantees a user or a Web site is legitimate

Cloud Computing

A system in which all computer programs and data is stored on a central server owned by a company (e.g. Google) and accessed virtually

Creative Commons (CC) license

Specialized copyright license that allows free distribution of copyrighted work.

Commercial Access

online research outputs that are free of all restrictions on access (e.g. access tolls) and free of many restrictions on use (e.g. certain copyright and license restrictions).

peer-to-peer network

A type of network that connects two client computers directly together.

Authenticated access

any process by which a system verifies the identity of a user who wishes to access it

Anonymous access

Requires no username or password

Censorship (of digital info)

Controlling or denying access to and/or publication of particularly regulated content.

open source software

Program code made publicly available for free; it can be copied, distributed, or changed without the stringent copyright protections of proprietary software products.

Licensing of software

need to purchase/get permission to use

aggregation of information

The gathering and summarization of information collected in various ways such as geolocation, cookies, browsing history.

anonymity

the state of being unknown

Proxy Servers (proxies)

Software servers that handle all communications from or sent to the Internet

exploitation

Taking advantage of a weaker group

Curation of information

Gathering information pertaining to a specific topic.

target advertising

advertising to select group

intellectual property

A product of the intellect, such as an expressed idea or concept, that has commercial value.

Copyright

the exclusive legal right, given to an originator or an assignee to print, publish, perform, film, or record literary, artistic, or musical material, and to authorize others to do the same.

Digital Millennium Copyright Act

a 1998 US law intended to update copyright law for electronic commerce and electronic content providers. It criminalizes the circumvention of electronic and digital copyright protection systems.

wireless

a form of computer networking or other communication that uses radio signals and microwaves to transmit data

digital divide

The relative lack of access to the latest technologies among low-income groups, racial and ethnic minorities, rural residents, and the citizens of developing countries

socioeconomic status

an individual's position in a stratified social order

infrastructure

the basic framework of a building or a system

commercial

having to do with business or trade