Chapter 2 - Theories & Therapies

Id

Impulsive until its pleased

(ex. crying infant)

Ego

Factors in reality while navigating it

Superego

Moral component of individual inducing conscience and guilt

Psychoanalytic Therapy

• Not used as often but done to uncover unconscious conflicts

Psychodynamic Therapy

• Increased therapist involvement

• ✅ for healthy well-functioning pts motivated for change

What does Peplau suggest is necessary to keep the focus on the pt?

Nurses should observe their own behavior as well

Behavioral Therapy

• Aimed at specific problems

  • Indications: phobias, alc use disorder, schizo

Modeling

Therapist acts a role model

• Images

• Live encounters

• Role-playing

Operant Conditioning

• increasing desired behaviors with positive reinforcement

  • token system

  • ✅ behavior = ✅ reward

Why may avoidance not work for long-term management?

It may make the fear more powerful

Exposure Therapy

Facing fears in a SAFE environment

• Imaginal

• In Vivo

• VR Exposure 🥽

Flooding

Extreme exposure therapy method

• Confronting, managing, and processing biggest fear

Aversion Therapy

• Controversial (Does it impair the pts right?)

  • Pairing target behavior with a negative stimulus

Biofeedback

Pt uses physiological responses to stress/anxiety to make changes

Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)

• Removes irrational beliefs thru “A-B-C” method

• Focuses on present attitudes/changing how we are NOW

A-B-C Method in REBT

Activating event → Beliefs → Consequences (emotional)

Perception → Thoughts → Behaviors

*→ = influences

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

• Designed to identify and correct distorted perceptions

• Pts taught: challenge & substitute their (-) thinking

Schemas

Unique assumptions about themselves, others, & the world

CBT Steps

• Event is identified

• Accompanying negative feeling listed

• Automatic thought is described

• Challenges to that thought are identifies

Trauma Focused CBT (TF-CBT)

• Addresses sexual abuse trauma in children

• Includes family and caregivers

  • Examines & replaces (-) thoughts with (+) ones

Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT)

• Long term therapy to enhance emotional regulation

• Targets chronically suicidal & self-injuring women with BPD

Self- Actualized Persons

• problem-centered

• resistance to conformity

Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)

Electrical stimulation of the brain

Behavioral Theorists

Believed changing a behavior changes a personality

Classical Conditioning

Eliciting an involuntary reaction by repeatedly pairing a neutral stimulus with another stimulus

Kohlberge provides framework to understand what?

Progression of moral development