Medical Terminology CH 1-4 (Key Words)

Antibodies

Proteins made by your immune system to fight specific substances

Rh condition

Whether a person’s blood has the Rh factor

Hemolytic disease: A condition that can occur when an Rh− mother carries an Rh+ baby, causing the mother’s antibodies to destroy the baby’s red blood cells. (usually from 2nd pregnancy)

Congenital anomaly

Birth defect present at birth

PCR (polymerase chain reaction)

Method used to make copies of a specific piece of DNA

Recombinant DNA

DNA made by combining DNA from different sources

Reye syndrome

Condition that causes swelling of the brain and liver, usually after a viral illness

TURP (Transurethral Resection of the Prostate)

Procedure that removes part of prostate to help with urination

Ultrasonography

Sound waves to make pictures of the inside of the body

Echocardiogram

Ultrasound picture of the heart

Sonogram

Picture produced by ultrasound

Erythrocytes

RBC that carry oxygen

Leukocytes

WBC that fight infection

Thrombocytes

Platelets that help blood clot

Granulocytes

WBC that protect body from infection and foreign substances

Neutrophils

Fight bacteria

Eosinophils

Parasites + allergies

Basophils

Allergies + inflammation

Lymphocytes

Immune defense

Monocytes

Clean up germs and damaged cells

Organization of the body

Cells - tissues - organs - organ systems

Muscle tissue

Helps body move by contracting

Epithelial tissue

Covers and protects the body and lines organs

Connective tissue

Connects tissue to different areas of body

Nerve tissue

Sends and receives electrical impulses

Pleural cavity

Space surrounding each lung

Mediastinum

Middle of chest (contains heart, blood vessels, trachea, esophagus)

Peritoneum

Membrane surrounding the abdominal cavity

RUQ

Liver, gallbladder, duodenum, pancreas, right kidney

LUQ

Stomach, spleen, pancreas, left kidney

RLQ

Appendix, cecum, small intestine, right ovary

LLQ

Descending/sigmoid colon, small intestine, left ovary

Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral, Coccygeal

Neck (C1-C7), Chest (T1-T12), Lower back (L1-L5) Pelvis (S1-S5), Coccyx (C4)

Breakfast at &, lunch at 12, dinner at 5, C4 like the bomb

Anterior (ventral)

Front side of body

The forehead is on the anterior side of the body

Posterior (dorsal)

Back side of body

The back of the head is posterior to the face

Supine

Lying on the back

Prone

Lying on belly

Frontal (coronal) plane

Vertical plane that divides body into front and back parts

Sagittal (lateral) plane

Divides the body into left and right

Transverse (axial) plane

Divides body into upper and lower

Viscera

Internal organs located in the bodies major cavities

Ascites

A collection of fluid in the peritoneal cavity

Iron deficiency anemia

Not enough iron to make hemoglobin

Sickle cell anemia

Inherited disorder causing abnormal, sickle-shaped RBC’s

Aplastic anemia

Bone marrow fails to produce enough blood cells

Achondroplasia

Most common type of dwarfism that affects bone growth (FGFR3 mutation)

Blepharoptosis

Drooping of the upper eyelid

Acromegaly

Too much GH after puberty (enlargement of hands, feet, jaw, facial features)

Gigantism

Too much GH before puberty (extreme height/overall growth)