cell membrane call

glycerophospholipids contain

a glycerol backbone w/2 FAs

cholesterol embedded among the lipids restrict

the movements of acyl chains, decreasing membrane fluidity

cholesterol also prevents the

close packing of lipids, increasing membrane fluidity

integral proteins

fully buried in the lipid bilayer

peripheral proteins

loosely associated w/the membrane via interactions w/lipid head groups or integral proteins

simple diffusion

movement of a molecule down its concentration gradient w/o the need for energy

2 requirements of a molecule that can use simple diffusion to move thru a cell membrane

must be lipid soluble and uncharged

passive transport diffusion

movement of a molecule down its concentration gradient w/the assistance of a protein, w/o the need for energy

proteins involved in transport diffusion

carrier proteins, leak channels, gated channels, stretch channels

active transport diffusion

movement of a molecule across a membrane w/the assistance of a protein and the need for energy

secondary active transport diffusion

movement of a molecule across a membrane w/the assistance of a protein and this protein does not directly need energy

voltage-gated channels

open/close when there is a change in the charge of the cell membrane

ligand-gated channels

open/close in response to the binding of a chemical messenger like a NT

proteins in cellular signaling

carrier proteins, receptors, and translocators

receptor initiates

several intracellular signaling cascades